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Bernard V. Jackson, Andrew Buffington, John M. Clover, P. Paul Hick, Hsiu-Shan Yu

Bernard V. Jackson, Andrew Buffington, John M. Clover, P. Paul Hick, Hsiu-Shan Yu Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California at San Diego, LaJolla, CA, USA and Mario M. Bisi

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Bernard V. Jackson, Andrew Buffington, John M. Clover, P. Paul Hick, Hsiu-Shan Yu

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  1. Bernard V. Jackson, Andrew Buffington, John M. Clover, P. Paul Hick, Hsiu-Shan Yu Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California at San Diego, LaJolla, CA, USA and Mario M. Bisi Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3BZ Wales, U.K. Bernie Bernie http://smei.ucsd.edu/ http://ips.ucsd.edu/ Andy John Paul Mario John Hsiu-Shan

  2. Introduction: SDO AIA Image Comet Lovejoy (C/2011 W3)

  3. Introduction: Classical Techniques: Using Ground-based photographs New Space-Based Imagery: The exploratory analysis methods these allow. Interesting New Observations: The analysis of small-scale solar wind structure. Characterization of the velocity changes. Disconnection events. Conclusions: Future analysis using comet plasma tails.

  4. Classical Techniques: Ground-based photographs Bierman, 1951 (from Belton and Brandt, 1966) Comet Mrkos (1957d)

  5. Classical Techniques: Ground-based photographs Brandt, J.C., 1968, Ann. Revs. of Astron. and Astrophys., 6, 267.

  6. Classical Techniques: Ground-based photographs

  7. Classical Techniques: Ground-based interplanetary scintillation (IPS)

  8. Space-Based Techniques: Ulysses Observations

  9. The Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) Jackson, B.V., et al., 2004, Solar Phys., 225, 177 Launch 6 January 2003 Sun C1 C2 C3 Sun 1 gigabyte/day; ~5 terabytes Simultaneous images from the three SMEI cameras. A joint US Air Force - NASA Project

  10. Jackson, B.V., et al., 2008, J. Geophys Res., 113, A00A15, doi:10.1029/2008JA013224 Frame composite for Aitoff map Blue = Cam3; Green= Cam2; Red = Cam1 D290; 17 October 2003

  11. Jackson, B.V., et al., 2004, Solar Phys., 225, 177 SMEI (The Solar Mass Ejection Imager) (A precision photometer viewed the whole sky from Earth) SMEI_2003

  12. Bradfield – C/2004 F4 28 Apr 2004 Distance: 1.01 AU LINEAR - C/2002 T7 Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research 25 Apr 2004 Distance: 1.04 AU NEAT – C/2001 Q4 Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking 19 Apr 2004 Distance: 0.6 SMEI-Observed Comets

  13. Buffington, A., et al., 2008, Astrophys. J, 677, 798-807 SMEI images of comets in 2004. Equal-radius fisheye sky map in Sun-centered ecliptic coordinates for an orbit starting at 11:48 UT on 2004 May 7. In this projection, radial angles are mapped linearly from the Sun, and angles around the Sun are preserved over the entire radial distance.

  14. SMEI comet analysis: Solar Wind Structure Reveled by the Comet Plasma Tail. Comet NEAT (C/2001 Q4) Kuchar, T.A., et al., 2008, J. Geophys Res., 113, A04101 Buffington, A., et al., 2008, Astrophys. J, 677, 798-807

  15. SMEI comet analysis: Solar Wind Radial Velocity Comet NEAT (C/2001 Q4) (Buffington, A., et al., 2008, Astrophys. J, 677, 798-807) (Clover., et al., 2010, Astrophys. J, 713, 394-397)

  16. SMEI comet analysis: Solar Wind Radial Velocity Comet NEAT (C/2001 Q4) (Buffington, A., et al., 2008, Astrophys. J, 677, 798-807) (Clover., et al., 2010, Astrophys. J, 713, 394-397)

  17. SMEI comet analysis: Comet NEAT (C/2001 Q4) Solar Wind Radial Velocity (Clover., et al., 2010, Astrophys. J, 713, 394-397)

  18. Kuchar, T.A., et al., 2008, J. Geophys Res., 113, A04101 Buffington, A., et al., 2008, Astrophys. J, 677, 798-807 Comet LINEAR (C/2002 T7)

  19. Comet LINEAR (C/2002 T7) Distance down the comet tail, 106 km Distance the comet nucleus has moved, 106 km Buffington, A., et al., 2008, Astrophys. J, 677, 798-807

  20. Comet LINEAR (C/2002 T7) Buffington, A., et al., 2008, Astrophys. J, 677, 798-807

  21. STEREO HI-1A comet analysis: (Clover., et al., 2010, Astrophys. J, 713, 394-397) Solar Wind Radial Velocity (96P/Machholz) Analysis from high to low heliographic latitude observed in 96P/Machholz. Machholz travels as close as 0.12 AU from the Sun.

  22. STEREO HI-1A comet analysis: (Clover., et al., 2010, Astrophys. J, 713, 394-397) Solar Wind Radial Velocity (96P/Machholz) Analysis from high to low heliographic latitude observed in 96P/Machholz. Machholz travels as close as 0.12 AU from the Sun.

  23. Comet analysis: But there is a large variation in speed both radial and non-radial shown in comet plasma tail and so why does this occur? One suggestion from the ACE in-situ data: Borovsky, J.E., J. Geophys. Res., 113, A08110.

  24. Comet analysis: But there is a large variation in speed both radial and non-radial shown in comet plasma tail and so why does this occur? One suggestion from the ACE in-situ data: Borovsky, J.E., J. Geophys. Res., 113, A08110.

  25. Comet analysis: But there is a large variation in speed both radial and non-radial shown in comet plasma tail and so why does this occur? One suggestion from the ACE in-situ data: Borovsky, J.E., J. Geophys. Res., 113, A08110.

  26. Jet analysis: 07:14:48 07:14:48 07:18:48 07:22:48

  27. Background: SMEI pseudo coronagraph observations in 3D Hinode jet (2007-SEP-14) jet 07:14:48 07:18:48 07:22:48 07:26:48 Jet energy analysis portion of 2007-SEP-14 jet (Sako, M., et al., 2010, 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, E21-0018-10)

  28. Background: SMEI observations in 3D jet 2007/09/17 06 UT Mass: 1.552x1014 g Volume: 0.002 AU3 Speed: ~ 525 km/s jet SMEI observations of the Jet at different distances

  29. Background: Jets in LASCO C2 observations LASCO C2 background removed image 2007 SEP 14 08:30:04 – 08:06:04 Jet Jet 2D Correlation Analysis (LASCO C2)

  30. Background: Jets in LASCO C2 observations LASCO C2 background removed image 2007 SEP 14 08:30:04 – 08:06:04 Poster 1-32 Yu, H.-S. Jackson, B.V., et al., “The 3D Analysis of Polar Jets….” Jet Jet 2D Correlation Analysis (LASCO C2)

  31. Space-Based Techniques: (2P/Encke) STEREO HI-1A Observations Not only do you see the comet tail, but you can also see the solar wind!

  32. Space-Based Techniques: (2P/Encke) STEREO HI-1A Observations Not only do you see the comet tail, but you can also see the solar wind!

  33. STEREO HI-1A comet analysis: (Vourlidas et al., 2007, Astrophys. J., 668, L79-L82) Solar Wind Radial Velocity From Vourlidas et al., 2007 (2P/Encke) Analysis at low heliographic latitude before and following the “disconnection” event observed in 2P/Encke Caveat: Not the only possibility

  34. STEREO HI-1A comet analysis: (Clover., et al., 2010, Astrophys. J, 713, 394-397) Solar Wind Radial Velocity (2P/Encke) Analysis at low heliographic latitude before and following the “disconnection” event observed in 2P/Encke Caveat: Not the only possibility

  35. Summary: Comet plasma tails allow a probe of the solar wind at locations that are inaccessible to spacecraft. Comet plasma tail measurements show solar wind structure without the need to model the solar wind in 3D. Comet plasma tails trace the solar wind velocity over time revelingstructurethe comet has passed through. “Wiggling” comet plasma tails show solar wind “fine” structure, and this structure is generally best explained by the non-uniform velocity fields present in the heliosphere as measured in-situ, and in coronagraph observations.

  36. Kuchar, T.A., et al., 2008, J. Geophys Res., 113, A04101 Buffington, A., et al., 2008, Astrophys. J, 677, 798-807 Comets NEAT (C/2001 Q4) and LINEAR (C/2002 T7)

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