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Chapter 1, Developing A Sociological Perspective

Chapter 1, Developing A Sociological Perspective. Key Terms. Sociology The study of human behavior in society. Sociological imagination The ability to see the societal patterns that influence individual and group life.

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Chapter 1, Developing A Sociological Perspective

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  1. Chapter 1, Developing A Sociological Perspective Key Terms

  2. SociologyThe study of human behavior in society. • Sociological imaginationThe ability to see the societal patterns that influence individual and group life.

  3. Social speedupChanges in society are placing additional stresses on people. • TroublesPrivately felt problems that spring from events or feelings in one individual’s life.

  4. IssuesAffect large numbers of people and have there origins in the institutional arrangements and history of a society. • Empirical approachConclusions are based on careful and systematic observations.

  5. DebunkingLooking beyond the facades of everyday life. • Social structureThe organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that together constitute society.

  6. Social institutionsEstablished and organized systems of social behavior with a recognized purpose. • Social changeThe alteration of society over time.

  7. Social interactionA behavior between two or more people that is given meaning. • DiversityThe variety of group experiences that result from the social structure of society.

  8. EnlightenmentCharacterized by faith in the ability of human reason to solve society's problems. • PositivismA system of thought in which accurate observation and description is considered the highest form of knowledge.

  9. HumanitarianismRests on the principle that human reason can successfully direct social change for the betterment of society. • Social factsConceptualized by Durkheim as those social patterns that are external to individuals.

  10. VerstehenUnderstanding social behavior from the point of view of those engaged in it. • Social actionBehavior through which people give meaning.

  11. Organic metaphorConception of society as a metaphor, a system of interrelated functions and parts that work together to create the whole. • Social DarwinismApplication of Darwinian thought to society.

  12. Applied sociologyUse of sociological research and theory in solving real human problems. • FunctionalismInterprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of the whole.

  13. Manifest functionsStated and open goals of social behavior. • Latent functionsUnintended consequences of behavior.

  14. PowerThe ability of a person or group to exercise influence and control over others, in producing social order. • Conflict theoryFocuses on the grounds of struggle in society—particularly inequalities based on class, race, and gender.

  15. Symbolic interactionTheory that considers society to be socially constructed through constant negotiation and human interpretation. • PostmodernismBased on the idea that society is not an objective thing. It is found in the words and images that people use to represent behavior and ideas.

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