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Chapter 1, Developing A Sociological Perspective

Chapter 1, Developing A Sociological Perspective. Key Terms. social institutions Established and organized systems of social behavior with a recognized purpose. sociological imagination The ability to see the societal patterns that influence individual and group life.

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Chapter 1, Developing A Sociological Perspective

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  1. Chapter 1, Developing A Sociological Perspective Key Terms

  2. social institutionsEstablished and organized systems of social behavior with a recognized purpose. • sociological imaginationThe ability to see the societal patterns that influence individual and group life.

  3. troublesPrivately felt problems that spring from events or feelings in one individual’s life. • issuesAffect large numbers of people and have their origins in the institutional arrangements and history of a society.

  4. social structureThe organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that together constitute society. • debunkingLooking beyond the facades of everyday life.

  5. diversityThe variety of group experiences that result from the social structure of society. • EnlightenmentCharacterized by faith in the ability of human reason to solve society's problems.

  6. positivismA system of thought in which accurate observation and description is considered the highest form of knowledge. • humanitarianismRests on the principle that human reason can successfully direct social change for the betterment of society.

  7. verstehenUnderstanding social behavior from the point of view of those engaged in it. • social actionBehavior through which people give meaning.

  8. organic metaphorConception of society as a metaphor, a system of interrelated functions and parts that work together to create the whole. • Social DarwinismApplication of Darwinian thought to society.

  9. applied sociologyUse of sociological research and theory in solving real human problems. • functionalismInterprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of the whole.

  10. manifest functionsStated and open goals of social behavior. • latent functionsUnintended consequences of behavior.

  11. conflict theory Focuses on the grounds of struggle in society—particularly inequalities based on class, race, and gender. • powerA person's or group's ability to exercise influence and control over others.

  12. symbolic interactionTheory that considers society to be socially constructed through constant negotiation and human interpretation. • postmodernismBased on the idea that society is not an objective thing. It is found in the words and images that people use to represent behavior and ideas.

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