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Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective Introduction .

Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective Introduction.

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Chapter 1 The Sociological Perspective Introduction .

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  1. Chapter 1The Sociological PerspectiveIntroduction .

  2. Social SciencesSociology- study of human society and social behavior.  Economics- study of choices people make in order to satisfy their wants and needs.Anthropology- comparative study of past and present cultures.Political Science- the study of organization and operations of governments.Psychology- Behavior and thinking of organisms.History- Study of Past Events..

  3. Sociological Imagination-Ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life.Sociological Perspective- To look beyond commonly held beliefs to the hidden meanings behind human actions.

  4. Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology FUNCTIONALISTS – see society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system; focus on functions and dysfunctions. Field of Study: the role of family and education in society. Sociologists: Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Auguste Comte.Durkheim was the first to study suicide in 1897. Dysfunctional-negative consequence an element has for the stability of the social system.Manifest Function- an intended and recognized consequence of some element of society.Latent Function-unintended and unrecognized consequence of some element of society. Anomie-breakdownsof social norms make it hard for people to identify who they are or what life means.

  5. Continued CONFLICT THEORISTS– focus on forces in society that promote competition and change; see social change as an inevitable feature of society. Field of Study: Racial relations, employee-worker disputes, who possesses power, decision making in families. Workers (proletariat) would overthrow the Owners/Capitalists (bourgeoisie) and there will be a classless society. Competition over scarce resources is the basis of social conflict. Sociologists: Karl Marx

  6. INTERACTIONISTS – Interested in separate groups in society rather than society as a whole. Verstehen–an attempt to understand the meanings individuals attach to their actions. Put yourself in the place of others and try to see situations through their eyes. Interactionists are interested in the role symbols play in our daily lives. Symbol- anything that represents something else. Field of Study: Child development, relationships within groups, mate selection. Sociologists: Max Weber

  7. Auguste Comte (1798-1857) Founder of Sociologyfocused on social order and social changes. He used the scientific method to test theories. • Jane Addams(1860 – 1935) She was the most prominent woman of the Progressive Era. She was the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. She was a leader in woman suffrage and world peace.She made the nation aware of issues of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children and public health.

  8. Robert Alexander Nisbet(1913-1996) He was a sociologist and a political conservative.Hepromoted traditionalist conservatism. Traditional conservatives believe that not all change is good. They look to the past for what was lost and how to recapture it.

  9. Julian Samora-(1920-1996) A pioneering scholar of Mexican American studies, he focused on civil rights and discrimination, public health, and rural poverty for Mexican-Americans. He become the first (known) Mexican American to earn a US doctorate in sociology and anthropology. He fought against racial/ethnic hostility and ignorance. He helped found the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund and the Southwest Voter Registration and Education Project. He served on numerous governmental and private boards and commissions, including the US Commission on Civil Rights, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the President’s Commission on Rural Poverty.

  10. Booker T. Washington(1856 – 1915) • Booker T. Washington was the most famous black man in America between 1895 and 1915. He was also considered the most influential black educator of the late 19th and early 20th centuries insofar as he controlled the flow of funds to black schools and colleges. He was representative of the last generation of black leaders born in slavery and spoke on behalf of blacks living in the South.

  11. W.E.B. Du Bois–(1868 – 1963) • He became the first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard. He wrote extensively and was the best known spokesperson for African American rights during the first half of the 20th century. He cofounded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

  12. Robert Ezra Park(1864–1944) was an American urban sociologist, one of the main founders of the original Chicago School of Sociology. He was noted for his work on ethnic minority groups, particularly African Americans, and on human ecology, a term he is credited with coining. Human Ecology- study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments.

  13. Harriet Martineau(1802 – 1876) was an English social theorist and Whig writer. She is considered the first woman sociologist. She changed opinions on issues of women’s lives that were previously ignored such as marriage, children, domestic and religious life, and race relations.

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