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Properties of Acids and Bases

Properties of Acids and Bases. Objective:. To learn the properties of acids and bases in solution. Research:. Solution: homogenous mixture with dissolving. Solvent: substance that does the dissolving; usually water. Solute: substance that is dissolved.

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Properties of Acids and Bases

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  1. Properties of Acids and Bases Objective: To learn the properties of acids and bases in solution.

  2. Research: • Solution: homogenous mixture with dissolving. • Solvent: substance that does the dissolving; usually water. • Solute: substance that is dissolved. • Ion: charged particle: atom or atom group (+ or -)

  3. Acids • Compounds which all contain H. When dissolved in water, acids dissociate the H+ ion. • Acids contain the hydronium H3O+ ion: + • Properties: sour taste, good electrolytes, react with metals to produce H2 gas and salt. • Strength: depends on ability to dissociate the H+ ion.

  4. Bases • Compounds, several kinds, all dissociate the OH- ion. • Bases contain the hydroxyl OH- ion: - • Properties: bitter taste, feel slippery, good electrolytes, react with animal products. • Strength: depends on ability to dissociate the OH- ion.

  5. Procedure I • Place a small drop of hydrochloric acid (HCl) onto one end of a strip of litmus paper. Record your observations. • Place a small drop of acetic acid (vinegar) onto the other end of the strip of litmus paper. Record your observations. • Place a small drop of eyewash onto the middle of the strip of litmus paper. Record your observations.

  6. Procedure II • Place a small drop of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) onto one end of a strip of litmus paper. Record your observations. • Place a small drop of milk of magnesia (MgOH2) onto the other end of the strip of litmus paper. Record your observations. • Place a small drop of ammonia (NH4OH) onto the middle of the strip of litmus paper. Record your observations.

  7. CONCLUSIONS • Compounds that contain H (H3O+) • Compounds that contain O and H (OH-) • A charged atom or molecule • Hydronium H3O+ • Hydroxyl OH- • Fruits and vegetables, tea, coffee, cleaners

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