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Properties of Acids and Bases

Objective: Students will learn how to name acids, identify the properties of acids and bases, and calculate pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-]. Warm-Up : KWL for Acids and Bases.

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Properties of Acids and Bases

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  1. Objective: Students will learn how to name acids, identify the properties of acids and bases, and calculate pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-]. • Warm-Up: KWL for Acids and Bases

  2. Objective: Students will learn how to name acids, identify the properties of acids and bases, and calculate pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-]. • Warm-Up: • How many grams of KOH are needed to make 250. mL of a 0.25 M solution?

  3. Acids Sour taste pH<7 Vinegar, lemon juice, orange juice, Releases H+ ion in water Turns litmus paper red HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 electrolyte Bases Bitter taste pH > 7 Baking soda, bleach, soap Releases OH- ion in water Turns litmus paper blue NH4OH, NaOH, KOH electrolyte Properties of Acids and Bases

  4. Naming Acids • How do you know it is an acid? • The compound starts with an “H”. • With a partner, complete the packet.

  5. Rules for Naming Acids • Rule #1-If the acid has only two elements, then it starts with HYDRO- and end in –IC Acid • Rule #2-If the acid has 3 elements and the anion ends in –ATE, the acid ends in –IC ACID, if the anion ends in –ITE, the acid ends in –OUS ACID

  6. In other words… • I –ATE something –ICky and got a disease called –ITE –OUS.

  7. Objective/Warm-Up • SWBAT name acids, calculate pH and pOH. Label as acid or base. • pH = 3 • Feels slippery • Releases OH- ions • Tastes sour • Releases H+ ions • pH = 12

  8. Naming Acids

  9. Binary Acids • HCl • HYDRO chlor IC ACID • HI • HYDRO iod IC ACID • H2S • HYDRO sulfur IC ACID

  10. Ternary Acids-End in ATE • HNO3 • NitrIC ACID • H3PO4 • PhosphorIC ACID • H2SO4 • sulfurIC ACID

  11. Ternary Acids-End in ITE • HNO2 • nitrOUS ACID • H3PO3 • phosphorOUS ACID • H2SO3 • sulfurOUS ACID

  12. Bases • KOH • Potassium hydroxide • Ca(OH)2 • Calcium hydroxide • NH4OH • Ammonium hydroxide • Na2SO4 • Sodium sulfate

  13. What does pH mean? • pH = -log [H+] • Brackets indicate Molarity

  14. What does pH mean? • It is a way to measure the hydrogen ion concentration. • Water breaks apart to hydrogen and hydroxide ions: • H2O  H+ + OH- • pH + pOH = 14

  15. pH and pOH

  16. pH and pOH

  17. pH and pOH

  18. pH and pOH

  19. pH and pOH

  20. Acid-Base Reactions • Like double displacement reactions.

  21. Label the Acid, Base, Conjugates • HCN + H2O  H3O+ + CN- • Acid + base  CA + CB • NaHCO3 + HBr  NaBr + H2CO3 • Base + Acid  CB + CA • H2O + NH3  NH4+ + OH- • Acid + Base  CA + CB

  22. What is the Conjugate Base? • HNO3 • NO3- • H2PO3- • HPO3-2 • NH3 • NH2-

  23. pH = 3 Feels slippery Releases OH- ions Tastes sour Releases H+ ions pH = 12 pH = 7 electrolyte Acid Base Base Acid Acid Base Neutral both Is it an Acid or a Base?

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