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The Language Of Medicine Dr. Michael Gillespie

The Language Of Medicine Dr. Michael Gillespie. Chapter 12 Respiratory System. 2. Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function. Identify various pathological conditions that affect the system. Learn medical terms that pertain to respiration.

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The Language Of Medicine Dr. Michael Gillespie

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  1. The Language Of Medicine Dr. Michael Gillespie

  2. Chapter 12 Respiratory System 2

  3. Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function. • Identify various pathological conditions that affect the system. • Learn medical terms that pertain to respiration. Chapter Goals

  4. Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system, and recognize relevant abbreviations. • Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records. Chapter Goals

  5. External respiration: Exchange of air in lung capillaries • oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs • immediately passes into capillaries • carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs, to be exhaled Introduction

  6. Internal respiration: Exchange of gases in the cells • occurs simultaneously between cells and capillaries • oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues • carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs Introduction (cont’d)

  7. Mediastinum: Middle of chest where trachea divides into two branches • Bronchi: Each leads to a separate lung • Lungs: Lobes are not mirror images • Hilum: Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit Respiratory Anatomy

  8. Anatomy of Respiration

  9. Anatomy of Respiration

  10. Respiratory Structures Conduct air • Nose • Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea Exchange gases • Bronchioles • Alveoli • Lung capillaries

  11. Respiratory Flow Chart

  12. Respiratory Flow Chart

  13. Vocabulary • adenoids • alveolus (alveoli) • apex of the lung • base of the lung • brochioles • bronchus (bronchi) • carbon dioxide

  14. Vocabulary • cilia • diaphragm • epiglottis • expiration • glottis • hilum • inspiration • larynx

  15. Vocabulary • lobe • mediastinum • nares • oxygen • palatine tonsil • paranasal sinus • parietal pleura

  16. Vocabulary • pharynx • pleura • pleural cavity • pulmonary parenchyma • respiration • trachea • visceral pleura

  17. 1. What is the tip or uppermost portion of the lung? • base • lobe • apex • nares QUICK QUIZ:

  18. adenoid/o adenoids • alveol/o alveolus, air sac • bronch/o bronchial tube • bronchi/o bronchus • bronchiol/obronchiole, small bronchus • capn/o carbon dioxide Combining Formsand Terminology Combining Form Meaning

  19. coni/o dust • cyan/o blue • epiglott/o epiglottis • laryng/o larynx, voice box • lob/o lobe of the lung • mediastin/omediastinum Combining Formsand Terminology Combining Form Meaning

  20. nas/o nose • orth/o straight, upright • ox/o oxygen • pector/o chest • pharyng/o pharynx, throat • phon/o voice Combining Formsand Terminology Combining Form Meaning

  21. phren/o diaphragm • pleur/o pleura • pneum/o air, lung • pneumon/o lung • pulmon/o lung • rhin/o nose Combining Formsand Terminology Combining Form Meaning

  22. sinus/o sinus cavity • spir/o breathing • tel/o complete • thorac/o chest • tonsill/o tonsils • trache/o trachea, windpipe Combining Formsand Terminology Combining Form Meaning

  23. SUFFIXES -ema condition -osmia smell -pnea breathing -ptysis spitting -sphyxia pulse -thorax pleural cavity, chest Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Terminology Suffix Meaning

  24. Diagnostic Terms • auscultation • percussion • pleural rub • rale (crackle) • rhonchus • sputum • stridor • wheeze

  25. Pathology Upper Respiratory Disorders • croup • diphtheria • epistaxis • pertussis

  26. Pathology Bronchial Tube Disorders • asthma • bronchiectasis • chronic bronchitis • cystic fibrosis

  27. Pathology Lung Disorders • atelectasis • emphysema • lung cancer • pneumoconiosis • pneumonia • pulmonary abscess • pulmonary edema • pulmonary embolism (PE) • pulmonary fibrosis • sarcoidosis • tuberculosis (TB)

  28. Atelectasis • Two forms • Proximal obstruction of distal airways • Accumulations of fluid, blood, or air in pleural cavity Pathology Lung Disorders

  29. Pleural Disorders • mesothelioma • pleural effusion • pleurisy (pleuritis) • pneumothorax Pathology

  30. Pathology Pleural Disorders Pneumothorax: Air gathers in the pleural cavity

  31. Study Section • anthracosis • asbestosis • bacilli • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • cor pulmonale • exudate • hydrothorax • infiltrate • palliative • paroxysmal • pulmonary infarction • purulent • silicosis

  32. X-rays • chest x-ray (CXR) • computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest • pulmonary angiography Clinical Procedures

  33. Clinical Procedures X-rays: Radiographic imaging

  34. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnetic waves create images Clinical Procedures

  35. Radioactive Tests • Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung: • Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan: inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection of different radioactive material for imaging Clinical Procedures

  36. Clinical Procedures Bronchioscopy: Fiberoptic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens

  37. Clinical Procedures Endotracheal intubation: placement of tube from mouth to trachea to establish airway

  38. Clinical Procedures • laryngoscopy • lung biopsy • mediastinoscopy • pulmonary function tests (PFTs) • thoracotomy • thorascopy • tracheostomy • tuberculin test • tube thoracostomy

  39. Clinical Procedures Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space

  40. Clinical Procedures Tracheostomy: Surgical creation of opening into the trachea through the neck

  41. COMBINING FORMS adenoid/o ____________ alveol/o ____________ bronch/o ____________ bronchi/o ____________ bronchiol/o ____________ capn/o ____________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  42. COMBINING FORMS • adenoid/o adenoids • alveol/o alveolus; air sac; small sac • bronch/o bronchial tube • bronchi/o bronchial tube • bronchiol/o bronchiole • capn/o carbon dioxide Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  43. COMBINING FORMS coni/o ___________ cyan/o ___________ epiglott/o ___________ laryng/o ___________ lob/o ___________ mediastin/o ___________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  44. COMBINING FORMS coni/o dust cyan/o blue epiglott/o epiglottis laryng/o larynx (voice box) lob/o lobe mediastin/o mediastinum Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  45. COMBINING FORMS nas/o __________ orth/o __________ ox/o __________ pector/o __________ pharyng/o __________ phon/o __________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  46. COMBINING FORMS • nas/o nose • orth/o straight • ox/o oxygen • pector/o chest • pharyng/o throat (pharynx) • phon/o voice; sound Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  47. COMBINING FORMS phren/o ___________ pleur/o ___________ pneum/o ___________ pneumon/o ___________ pulmon/o ___________ rhin/o ___________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  48. COMBINING FORMS • phren/o diaphragm; mind • pleur/o pleura • pneum/o lung; air; gas • pneumon/o lung; air; gas • pulmon/o lung • rhin/o nose Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  49. COMBINING FORMS sinus/o ___________ spir/o ___________ tel/o ___________ thorac/o ___________ tonsill/o ___________ trache/o ___________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  50. COMBINING FORMS sinus/o sinus spir/o to breathe tel/o complete thorac/o chest tonsill/o tonsil trache/o trachea (windpipe) Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

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