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Language of Medicine

Language of Medicine. Day One Medical Technology. Scientific and Medical Terminology. Highly Specific Each structure and condition must be named Generalities are dangerous All professionals must use identical terminology. Scientific and Medical Terminology.

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Language of Medicine

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  1. Language of Medicine Day One Medical Technology

  2. Scientific and Medical Terminology • Highly Specific • Each structure and condition must be named • Generalities are dangerous • All professionals must use identical terminology

  3. Scientific and Medical Terminology • Latinis the language of science • Classification of species • Chemical terminology • Anatomical systems and structures • Conditions pertaining to the systems

  4. Knowledge of Med Terms • Required for intelligent discussion of ....anything • Allows understanding of scientific literature and unfamiliar terms • REQUIRES memorization and mastery • Spelling MUST be exact. • ileum (small intestine) vs. ilium (hip bone)

  5. For Example.....

  6. Word Roots • Foundation of medical terms • Usually indicate part of body involved • Can indicate color • Knowledge of roots will vastly speed up comprehension in physiology!

  7. Rules involving Roots • Roots MUST have a suffix to complete term • Gastro = stomach -itis (suffix) = inflammation • Gastritis = stomach inflammation • -dynia = pain • gastrodynia = stomach pain • A combining vowel “o” used when suffix begins with a consonant • gluteus = well, you know what these are! Your pompies! • gluteodynia = pain in the bleep! • No combining vowel when suffix begins with vowel. • tonsill + algia = tonsillalgia (no combining vowel) • tonsillo + scopy = tonsilloscopy

  8. Combining roots • Often many roots are combined to make complex words. • Combining vowels used between roots • Gastro + entero + itis = gastroenteritis • entero = small intestine • Inflammation of stomach & small intestine Meaning???

  9. Suffixes • can mean “Pertaining to” • Are listed at beginning of Appendix A. pg 293 • These change the root word from a noun to an adjective • For example… • Cardi = heart (noun) • -ac = suffix that means “pertaining to” • So… cardiac means “pertaining to the heart” (adjective)

  10. Suffixes • can complete the root into a noun • For Example • Crani = skull -um = noun ending • Cranium • Also listed in Appendix A, pg. 293 • noun endings change to form plurals • For Example • Terms ending in “um”, the plural form ends in “a” • Cranium  crania • Complete list on Table 1.6, pg. 12

  11. Suffixes • can describe an abnormal condition • Roots can be turned into general disease (not specific) • - osis, -ism, -esis, - ia • Gastrosis = disease of the stomach

  12. - algia: pain & suffering - dynia: pain - itis: inflammation - malacia: abnormal softening - megaly: enlargement - necrosis: tissue death - sclerosis: abnormal hardening - stenosis: abnormal narrowing Suffixes associated with Specific Diseases

  13. Suffixes that Describe Procedures • When combined with root, identifies where procedure is occurring. • Can combine with ANY body part root, if procedure happens there.

  14. - centesis - ectomy - graphy: (verb) - gram: (noun) - plasty - scopy Surgical puncture to remove fluid Surgical removal process of recording a picture or data THE record or picture Surgical repair Visual exam of body interior Examples

  15. What is happening here? Amniocentesis Splenectomy Arteriography Sonogram Rhinoplasty Endoscopy

  16. -rrhage or rrhagia -rrhaphy -rrhea -rrhexis Excessive fluid loss, usually blood To suture or stitch Abnormal flow of bodily fluids Rupture Double RR suffixes Ex. hemorrhage Ex. myorrhaphy Ex. diarrhea Ex. myorrhexis

  17. Prefixes • Change the meaning of the term • Usually indicate location, time or number • Prenatal - before birth • Postnatal - after birth • In chemical terms, indicate state of chemical: • deoxyribonucleic acid vs. ribonucleic acid without oxygen

  18. Ab- means away from Ad - towards Dys- bad, painful Eu- good, normal Hyper - excessive Hypo- deficient, less Inter - between, among Intra- within, inside Sub- under, less, below Supra- above, excessive Confusing prefixes

  19. Look-Alike, Sound-Alike words • Refer to last section of Chapter 1 for all of them.... A few are highlighted here. • Arterio- artery, Athero - plaque or fatty substance, Arthro- joint • ileum - section of small intestine • ilium - part of pelvis • Infection: invasion by a pathogen, • Inflammation: response of body to injury or infection

  20. Look-alikes continued • Mucous- adjective describing membranes lining body cavity • Mucus - (noun) secretions of mucous membranes • Myco- fungus, Myelo- bone marrow or spinal cord, Myo- muscle

  21. Look-alikes continued • -ostomy: to surgically create an artificial opening • -otomy: surgical incision • Palpation: to examine with hands, feeling body parts • Palpitation: pounding heart rate

  22. Look-alikes continued • Prostrate: to collapse and lie flat • Prostate: male gland around urethra • Supination: rotation of hand palm up • Suppuration: formation of pus • Virile: having masculine traits • Viral: pertaining to a virus

  23. Now... To memorize • Go for it... Jump into medical terminology!!

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