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Pharaohs of the New Kingdom: Hatshepsut, Akhenaton, and Ramses II

Discover the powerful legacy of female pharaoh Hatshepsut, the reformist Akhenaton, and the empire-expanding Ramses II in ancient Egypt. Explore their achievements, influence, and impact on the region. Witness the rise and decline of the Kush civilization in Nubia and its connections to Egypt.

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Pharaohs of the New Kingdom: Hatshepsut, Akhenaton, and Ramses II

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  1. Chapter 4Section 4 The New Kingdom and Kush

  2. A Woman Pharaoh • Hatshepsut • Husband pharaoh died • Step son too young to rule • Expanded kingdom through trade • Crossed Eastern Desert , across Red Sea to Punt in Africa • Herbs, spices, scented woods, monkeys and potted trees for INCENSE • Hatshepsut’s legacy: • Obelisk – monuments to honor her: Four-sided pillar with a pyramid- shaped top

  3. A Reforming Pharaoh • Akhenaton– promoted MONOTHEISM- belief in one god • Aton the sun god • Art became more realistic- showed people’s flaws • Lasted for 3 years after his death, Tutankhamen rule brought back POLYTHEISM- belief in more than one god

  4. A Powerful Pharaoh • Ramses II : • Expanded Egypt through war • EMPIRE- group of territories and people brought together under one ruler- stretched from Nubia to the border of HITTITES empire– group of people who lived in modern day Turkey and Syria

  5. A Powerful Pharaoh • Main accomplishment: negotiated the world’s first peace treaty with the Hittites • Ramses ruled for 66 years – a time of stability and peace

  6. Nubia and the Kush Civilization • Egypt was never the same after Ramses II • KUSH – Nubian kingdom became a power • Egypt and Nubia = close trade partners and shared cultures • As Egyptian power began to decline, outside forces began to threaten them • Egypt asked Piye – Kushite king – to defend them. • Piye was successful and became pharaoh • United Egypt and Kush

  7. The Decline of Kush • 704 B.C. Kushite / Egyptian forces began to help areas resisting Assyrian rule • Assyrians had iron weapons (stronger than bronze) • In 671 B.C. Assyrians invaded and conquered Egypt • Kushite rule ended.

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