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Ionic Compounds

Ionic Compounds. Outline. Ionic Compounds. Ionic Compounds. Ionic compounds are made up of positive and negative ions. These ions result from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal. The positive and negative ions are attracted to each other because they have opposite charges.

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Ionic Compounds

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  1. Ionic Compounds

  2. Outline • Ionic Compounds

  3. Ionic Compounds • Ionic compounds are made up of positive and negative ions. • These ions result from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal. • The positive and negative ions are attracted to each other because they have opposite charges.

  4. Ionic Compounds Calcium transfers two electrons, one to each fluorine atom All three ions are stable (max. # of electrons in valence shell.)

  5. Chemical Formulas • Are a combination of element symbols and subscripts that represents a particular compound. Element symbol • Eg. C2H4O6 Subscripts (indicate the number of ions of each type.)

  6. Naming Ionic Compounds • The name of the metal is first. • The name of the non-metal is second. • But – the ending of the non-metal changes to “ide” • Eg. The compound formed by calcium and iodine = calcium iodide

  7. How to Write the Chemical Formula for Ionic Compounds • Eg. Ionic Compound formed by calcium and fluorine Step 1. Write the symbols, with the metal first. Ca F

  8. How to Write the Chemical Formula for Ionic Compounds Step 2. Write the ioniccharge above each symbol to indicate the stable ion that each element forms. 2+ 1- Ca F

  9. How to Write the Chemical Formula for Ionic Compounds • Step 3. Crisscross the ionic charges to produce subscripts. 2+ 1- Ca F

  10. How to Write the Chemical Formula for Ionic Compounds Step 4. Write the formula using subscripts to indicate the number of ions of each type. Reduce the number of subscripts if possible. Ca1F2 Reduced: CaF2 Name of Compound: Calcium fluoride

  11. How to Write the Chemical Formula for Ionic Compounds Eg. Ionic compound formed by aluminum and sulfur Steps 1-3: 3+ 2- Al S Step 4: Al2S3 Name of compound: Aluminum Sulfide

  12. How to Write the Chemical Formula for Ionic Compounds Eg. Ionic compound formed by magnesium and oxygen. Steps 1-3: 2+ 2- Mg O Step 4: Mg2O2 Reduce: MgO Name of compound: Magnesium Oxide

  13. Multivalent Metal Elements • Some metals form more than one kind of ion. • A Roman numeral is added to the metal name to indicate its ionic charge.

  14. Multiple Ionic Charges

  15. Multivalent Metal Elements Going from formula to name: • Metal name unchanged • Find the charge on the metal using reverse crossover • Add the metal’s change using roman numbers (I, II, III, IV, etc..) • Non metal name with ‘ide’ ending *Be sure to watch for compounds that have already been reduced*

  16. eg. • CuCl  copper (I) chloride • CuCl2  copper (II) chloride

  17. Multivalent Metal Elements Going from name to formula: • Write each element’s symbol and charges. (For metal use number in roman numerals as the charge). • Crossover and simplify when needed. • eg. • copper (I) chloride CuCl • copper (II) chloride  CuCl2

  18. Classical (Alchemist) Method: • Suffix added to ‘root’ name (must memorize) • Suffix: higher charge (‘ic’) lower charge (‘ous’) Eg. Cupric oxide (copper with charge of +2) plumbous chloride (lead with charge of +2)

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