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Community Nutrition. What is community nutrition? What is health? CN and trends in healthcare Risk reduction and disease prevention. Definitions. Nutrition = Community = “unified body of individuals with common characteristics or interests who live in a particular area”.
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Community Nutrition • What is community nutrition? What is health? • CN and trends in healthcare • Risk reduction and disease prevention
Definitions • Nutrition = • Community = “unified body of individuals with common characteristics or interests who live in a particular area”
What is Community Nutrition? • Community Nutrition (CN) strives to improve the health and well-being of individuals and groups within the community • Three arenas: • Involves socioeconomic, political, cultural, and psychological aspects of food…
CN vs. Public Health • CN draws on dietetics and public health • public vs private • Public Health = societal efforts to promote/restore people’s health • 1900s: • now:
Ten Leading Causes of Death in the U.S. (1900) Rank Cause of death 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pneumonia/influenza Tuberculosis Diarrhea and enteritis Heart disease Stroke Liver disease Accidents Cancer Diphtheria Meningitis Causes in which diet plays a part Causes in which alcohol plays a part
Ten Leading Causes of Death in the U.S. (2000) Rank Cause of death 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Heart disease Cancer Stroke Lung diseases Accidents Diabetes Pneumonia/influenza Alzheimer’s disease Kidney disease Septicemia Causes in which diet plays a part Causes in which alcohol plays a part
What is Health? • Absence of _____________ • State of:
Clinical Medical Trends in Nutrition/Healthcare Community nutrition interfaces with the realities of the health care system
Reality Prevention is more effective, but… prevention efforts are _______________ Outcomes can also be hard to_______
Health Insurance • Fee-for-Service (private) • traditional individual or group • Managed care (private) • group, usually employer-based • Public (Medicare and Medicaid) • low SES • aged, blind, disabled • are entitlement programs • Uninsured • working poor, seasonal workers • uninsurable
U.S. Healthcare: Insurance Coverage Sources: Census Bureau, CDC (NCHS); August 2004
U.S. Healthcare: Insurance Coverage Sources: Census Bureau, CDC (NCHS); Accessed September 2009 Heyman KM, Barnes PM, Schiller JS. Early release of selected estimates based on data from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey. National Center for Health Statistics. June 2009. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm
Trends in the Healthcare System • Increase in managed care: HMOs, PPOs • Increased costs • (Trend in jobs: part-time)
Risks and Disease Prevention • Risk = • Risk assessment =
Who is at Risk? • Depends on people and hazards considered • Individuals • referral • ill • Groups • risk factors • Population • known problems
U.S. Health Disparities: 2008 Sources: Census Bureau, CDC (NCHS); Accessed September 2009; Health: United States, 2008; National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 55, No. 14, May 2, 2007; Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2007
Healthy People 2010 • Mission = creating healthy people in healthy communities • 2 Goals: • increase the quality of life and years of healthy life • eliminate health disparities