Objective 24.02

1. Objective 24.02 • Identify, cut, drill, bend, shape, file, and grind cold metals

2. Identifying Metals • Ferrous: contain iron • Will rust • Have to be painted or oiled to be protected • Non-ferrous: do not contain iron

3. Identifying Metals • Metals can be identified by color, weight, texture, use, shape, forge or cast mars, and spark test • Color, shape, quantity, length, and position of sparks are used to identify metals using the spark test • Cast iron has red lines • High carbon steel has yellow lines with several star bursts • Wrought iron has long straw-colored lines without bursts

4. Cutting Metal • If metal is too thick, snips or shears will not cut • Thick metal should be cut with a metal cuttings saw such as a hacksaw, band saw or abrasive cut-off (chop saw)

5. Drilling Metal • Drilling metal is done by securing metal in a machinist’s vise • Using a center punch and ball peen hammer to dent the metal to prevent the drill bit from wandering from the desired location • Using a drill and bit to drill the hole

6. Drilling Metal • A machinist’s vise should be used to secure cold metal for cutting, drilling, filing, or bending • The inside of a drilled hole should be smoothed with a round file • Flat files can be used to smooth the cut edges of cold metal • A grinder is used to shape and sharpen the hollow-ground cutting edge of tools such as wood chisels