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AP Euro Tutoring Session

AP Euro Tutoring Session. Agenda. DBQ Thesis Practice (9- 10) POV and Grouping (10- 11) Break (11- 11:30) Content Review (11:30- 12:45) Questions (12:45- 1). I. Middle Ages. Black Death Medieval Society Medieval Church The Hundred Years’ War Important Documents of the M.A.

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AP Euro Tutoring Session

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  1. AP Euro Tutoring Session

  2. Agenda • DBQ Thesis Practice (9- 10) • POV and Grouping (10- 11) • Break (11- 11:30) • Content Review (11:30- 12:45) • Questions (12:45- 1)

  3. I. Middle Ages • Black Death • Medieval Society • Medieval Church • The Hundred Years’ War • Important Documents of the M.A.

  4. A. Black Death • Introduced by seaborn rats from the Black Sea area • By 15th century Europe had lost 40% of its pop. 2. Lack of sophisticated medicine • Led to superstitions about the plague • Poisonous fumes released during earthquakes • Jews spread plague • Led to popular remedies • Use of leeches • Flagellants- believed that beating themselves until they bled would bring about divine intervention

  5. B. Medieval Society • Decrease in population • Farm Labor decreased • Skilled artisans increased • Economic power of trade guilds and artisans grew • Revolts • Peasants rebelled against govts that attempted to limit their wages • English peasants’ revolt of 1381 2. Cities • After the plague cities prospered– need for more expensive goods • Hansic League • Universities and Scholasticism • First university founded in early 13thc. (1200s) • Taught a variety of subjects • Mini Renaissance in 13thc. • St. Thomas Aquinas- world would be explained through Christian dogma

  6. 3. European Feudal Structure King Nobles Knights Vassal

  7. 3. Feudalism cont… • Emerged during the High Middle Ages • Reciprocal relationships based on loyalty and protection

  8. C. Medieval Church • Pope Innocent III (r. 1198- 1216) • Transformed the church into a secular power/ created a papal monarchy • Dispose benefices (gifts of land as a reward for services rendered) • Can declare saints • Pope Urban IV (r. 1261- 1264) • Continued secularization • Est. Rota Romana(religious law court) • Broadened the distribution of benefices • College of Cardinals became politicized

  9. C. Medieval Church cont… 3. Pope Boniface VIII (r. 1294- 1303) • Refused English and French efforts to tax the clergy without papal approval • Clericislaicos • Unam Sanctum • Temporal authority is subject to the power of the church 4. Babylonian Captivity • Pope Clement V moves the papacy to Avignon to avoid French king and Rome

  10. C. Medieval Church cont… 5. Pope John XXII (r.1316- 1334) • Tried to restore the papacy to Rome 6. Protests against the church • William of Ockham & Marsilus of Padua • Protested papal power • John Wycliffe & John Huss led popular lay movements (Lollards and the Hussites) that protested the rights of the papacy 7. The Great Schism (1378- 1417) • Pope Clement VII elected by the council of cardinals after the election of Pope Urban VI • Cardinals deposed both and elected a new pope Alexander V • 3 Popes claimed spiritual authority

  11. Medieval Church cont… 8. Concilliar Movement a) an effort to control/ regulate the actions of the pope by councils b)Council of Constance meets • Sacrosancta recognizes the Roman pope Gregory XII the one pope 9. Crusades • 1st crusade launched in 1095 • Against Islamic rule of the Holy Land • Against Jews • Sack of Constantinople 1204 • During the 4th crusade

  12. D. Hundred Years’ War • War between the monarchs of England and France (1337- 1453) a) Edward III (England) claims his right to the French throne after the death of Charles IV b) fight over Flanders 2. English success a) military superiority • Longbow 3. French weakness a) territorial in fighting b) lack of leadership 4. Battles a) Crecy (1346) b) Poitiers (1356) c) Agincourt (1415)

  13. D. Hundred Years’ War cont… 5. The Peace of Bretigny (1360) a) recognized English holdings in France in exchange for Edward III renouncing his claim to the French throne 6. Joan of Arc (1412- 1431) a) heard the voice of God b) led the French to victory in the Battle of Orleans c) served as an inspiration to the French d) burned at the stake 7. France eventually wins the war

  14. E. Important docs of the M.A. • Magna Carta 1215 a) limited the power of the king b) created a co- governing body which would later be known as parliament

  15. II. Renaissance • Renaissance in Italy • Humanism • Northern Renaissance

  16. A. Renaissance in Italy • 3 major city states • Florence • Milan • Venice • Treaty of Lodi (1454- 1455) • Alliance between Naples, Milan, Florence and their rivals, Venice and the Papal States • Cosimo de Medici (1389- 1464) • Influenced the local council Signoria • Lorenzo the Magnificent (1449- 1492) • Totalitarian rule (1478- 1492) 4. Piero de Medici • Florence and Naples against Milan • Exiled after handing Pisa and other Florentine possessions to France

  17. 5. Milan • Visconti- 1278 • Sforza- 1450 • Ruled without constitutional restraint or political competition • Ludovicoil Moro • Asked France for help against Naples and its allies • France ends up with Florence as a result • Ferdinand of Aragon creates the League of Venice 6. Girolamo Savonarola (1452- 1498) • Radical Dominican monk • Convinced radical mob to exile Piero de Medici • Ruled Florence until he was imprisoned and later executed in 1498 7. Venice was ruled by merchant oligarchy & Doge

  18. B. Humanism • Believed in: • Study of the ideals expressed in Latin and Greek classics • Importance of a well rounded education • Baldassare Castiglione (1478- 1529) • Book of the Courtier • Espoused a program of study that included rhetoric, politics, moral philosophy, poetry, history and embraced classical and biblical sources 3. Florentine Platonic Acadamy • Under the patronage of Cosimo de Medici • Studied Plato and Neoplatonists

  19. 4. Francesco Petrarch (1304- 74) • Father of Humanism 5. Giovanni Boccacio • Decameron • Tale of 10 people who escape Florence to avoid the plague • Each tells a story with a theme 6. Dante Alighieri • The Devine Comedy • Allegorical poem of Christian afterlife • Helped est. the Tuscan dialect in which it is written as the Italian standard • Draws on the theological teachings of Aquinas by telling the story of a man who travels through hell, purgatory and heaven

  20. C. Northern Renaissance

  21. III. Voyages of Discovery and New Empires of the West • Explorers • Empires

  22. A. Explorers

  23. B. Empires

  24. IV. Reformation • Protestant Reformation • Protestant Leaders • Counter- Reformation • English Reformation

  25. A. Protestant Reformation

  26. B. Protestant Leaders

  27. C. Counter- Reformation

  28. D. English Reformation

  29. V. Age of Religious Wars • French Wars of Religion • Imperial Spain • England and Spain • Thirty Years’ War

  30. A. French Wars of Religion

  31. B. Imperial Spain

  32. C. England and Spain

  33. D. Thirty Years’ War

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