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Wednesday, 21 September Chapter 11 The Endocrine System Chapter 6 Nervous System A and B

Wednesday, 21 September Chapter 11 The Endocrine System Chapter 6 Nervous System A and B . Two 1QQs returned on Piano. Lab this week: Analyzing a research paper + First Endocrine Case study. Lab next week: Four more cases in endocrinology. 1QQ # for 8:30.

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Wednesday, 21 September Chapter 11 The Endocrine System Chapter 6 Nervous System A and B

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  1. Wednesday, 21 SeptemberChapter 11 The Endocrine SystemChapter 6 Nervous System A and B Two 1QQs returned on Piano Lab this week: Analyzing a research paper + First Endocrine Case study.Lab next week: Four more cases in endocrinology

  2. 1QQ # for 8:30 Write the number of the one question you choose to answer. 1) Suppose the portal vessel that connects the median eminence to the adenohypophysis was completely occluded (blocked.)  Which hypothalamic hormone(s) could not reach their target cells? a) ACTH   b) CRH   c) DA    d) Prolactin      e) TRHf) TSH g) FHS     h)  T3      i) GnRH     j) ADH OR 2A Name the hormone normally secreted by hepatocytes. 2B Name the hormone secreted by cells in the adenohypophysis that stimulates the secretion of the “liver” hormone. 2C Suppose liver cells form a tumor that secretes the “liver” hormone in an unregulated manner. Assuming cells in the adenohypophysis are behaving normally, would the levels of the tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary be normal, high, or low?

  3. 1QQ # for 9:30 Write the number of the one question you choose to answer. 1) Suppose the portal vessel that connects the median eminence to the adenohypophysis was completely occluded (blocked.)  Which hypothalamic hormone(s) could not reach their target cells? a) Oxytocin   b) Prolactin   c) DA    d) CRH      e) TRHf) TSH g) FHS     h)  T3   i) GnRH     j) ADH OR 2 Cells in the anterior pituitary gland that secrete TSH a) have receptors for TRH in their cell membranesb) can sense the levels of T3 and T4 in the plasmac) will release more TSH as levels of TRH rise d) Should release less TSH after a person has been treated with radioactive iodine e) Should release less TSH if a person is dosed with exogenous TH.

  4. Tropic hormones control the function Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets Releasing Hormone Release-inhibiting Hormone S 6 A P P P P P Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system P P P P P P A S S

  5. Tropic hormones control the function Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets Releasing Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone S 7 Short-loop Neg. Feed. Long-loop negative feedback

  6. STRESS Cytokines fromimmune cells CRH from Hypothalamus ACTH from Ant. Pit Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissueSuppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth)Suppress inflammatory &immune responsesPotentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle) S 8 Physical traumaProlonged exposure to coldProlonged intense exerciseInfectionSleep deprivationPainFrightEmotional distress Vasopressin Basal levels of Cortisol Required for normal sensitivity to EPI; symptoms of excess cortisol are….. Clinical example: treatment of chronic inflammation (e.g. arthritis) with high doses of cortisol can lead to Cushing’s Syndrome! ⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex Cushing’s Syndrome Excess Cortisol from 1) adrenal cortex tumor (primary) or 2) hypersecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary (secondary)

  7. Who Cares?

  8. STRESS Cytokines fromimmune cells CRH from Hypothalamus ACTH from Ant. Pit Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissueSuppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth)Suppress inflammatory &immune responsesPotentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle) S 8 Physical traumaProlonged exposure to coldProlonged intense exerciseInfectionSleep deprivationPainFrightEmotional distress Vasopressin ⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex

  9. Age 16, 33, 52 S 4 No Relation!

  10. Disorder =AcromegalyType of endocrine disorder = ???? S 5 • Excessive growth of bones and soft tissues of face and hands, and feet. • Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone from adenohypophysis or ectopic tumor in adults • Treatment? • Somatostatin analogs? • GH receptor blockers • Transphenoidal resection/ablation with focal radiation GHRH SS GH Compare to Pituitary Gigantism

  11. S 9 Applied Physiology: MenopauseWidmaier text p. 626-7 • Onset ~ age 50 • Irregular menstrual cycles • Breasts and genital organs gradually atrophy • Decrease in bone mass & strength (osteoporosis) (bone resorption > bone deposition) • Hot flashes…sweating, etiology unknown • Increased incidence of coronary artery disease

  12. S 10 Menopause, continued. • Caused by ovarian failure….loss of estrogen • Estrogen has protective function for cardiovascular system and sustains bone • Diagnosis • Test estrogen levels • Test FSH levels….interpretation if high? • Treatment • Hormone replacement therapy • Risk of HRT: increased incidence of breast cancer & uterine endometrial cancer • Advantages: alleviates symptoms, restores cardiovascular protection, sustains bone density

  13. S 6 Neurons? Endocrine cells? Neuroendocrine cells? Neurons and endocrine cells are very involved in homeostasis. To Chapter 6!

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