Patterns in the Periodic Table

1. Patterns in the Periodic Table

2. In a row… Period • A row on the periodic table is called a period.

3. A period… 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4. Orbitals… Period • A row on the periodic table is called a period. • The number of the period indicates how many electron orbitals there are in each atom.

5. Osmium… 6

6. Maximum electrons… Period • A row on the periodic table is called a period. • The number of the period indicates how many electron orbitals there are in each atom. • The number of elements in a period also indicates the number of electrons that can fit in that orbital

7. A period… Period 1 has 2 elements Period 2 has 8 elements The first orbital can hold 2 electrons The second orbital can hold 8 electrons 1 2

8. A group • Look at your Bohr models for Nitrogen and Phosphorus, Oxygen and Sulphur, and Flourine and Chlorine, see anything interesting? • In a group, such as group 1, the outermost orbital has the same number of electrons in each element

9. Group 1 3p+ 4n0 19p+ 20n0 11p+ 12n0 1p+ 2e- 2e- 2e- 1e- 1e- 8e- Hydrogen Lithium Sodium Potassium 1e- 8e- 8e- 1e-

10. A group • In a group, such as group 1, the outermost orbital has the same number of electrons in each element • Because electrons are the outermost particles in an atom, they are the ones that give an atom it’s properties, so elements with similar outer orbitals, have similar properties

11. Groups Group 1: Alkali Metals Very Reactive, react violently with water

12. Groups Group 17: Halogens Very reactive nonmetals

13. Groups Group 18: Noble (Inert) Gasses Unreactive gaseous elements

14. Two Major Divisions of Elements This line is the division between METALS and NONMETALS

15. Why does the periodic table have an extra section?

16. To save space!

17. To save space!