THE ORIGINAL 13 COLONIES

1. THE ORIGINAL 13 COLONIES 1-VIRGINIA (1607) 2-MASSACHUSETTS (1620) 3- NEW HAMPSHIRE (1623) 4-NEW YORK (1625) (1664) 5-MARYLAND (1632) 6-CONNECTICUT (1636) 7-RHODE ISLAND (1636) 8-DELAWARE (1638) 9-NORTH CAROLINA (1663) 10-NEW JERSEY(1664) 11-SOUTH CAROLINA (1664) 12-PENNSYLVANIA (1681) 13-GEORGIA (1732)

2. THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES IN THE 1600s WERE ALL SIMILAR IN THEIR NEED TO ATTRACT SETTLERS IN ORDER TO PROSPER.

3. The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies • FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE COLONIES BEGINNING WITH THE FOUNDING OF JAMESTOWN UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR, DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE EASTERN COAST HAD DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS. • ONCE ESTABLISHED, THE THIRTEEN BRITISH COLONIES COULD BE DIVIDED INTO THREE GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS: • NEW ENGLAND (NEW HAMPSHIRE, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND, & CONNECTICUT) • MIDDLE (NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, & DELAWARE) • SOUTHERN (MARYLAND, VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA & GEORGIA) • EACH OF THESE HAD SPECIFIC ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS THAT WERE UNIQUE TO THE REGIONS.

4. NEW ENGLAND COLONIESNEW HAMPSHIRE, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND, AND CONNECTICUT

5. FACTS ABOUT THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • THE NEW ENGLAND COLONISTS WERE LARGELY PURITANS, WHO LED VERY STRICT LIVES. • THESE WERE KNOWN FOR BEING RICH IN FORESTS AND FUR TRAPPING. HARBORS WERE LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE REGION. • THE AREA WAS NOT KNOWN FOR GOOD FARMLAND. THEREFORE, THE FARMS WERE SMALL, MAINLY TO PROVIDE FOOD FOR INDIVIDUAL FAMILIES. • NEW ENGLAND FLOURISHED INSTEAD WITH FISHING, SHIPBUILDING, LUMBERING, AND FUR TRADING ALONG WITH TRADING GOODS WITH EUROPE. • THE FAMOUS TRIANGLE TRADE OCCURRED IN THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES WHERE SLAVES WERE SOLD IN THE WEST INDIES FOR MOLASSES. THIS WAS SENT TO NEW ENGLAND TO MAKE RUM WHICH WAS THEN SENT TO AFRICA TO TRADE FOR SLAVES. • IN NEW ENGLAND, SMALL TOWNS WERE THE CENTERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT. • IN 1643, MASSACHUSETTS BAY, PLYMOUTH, CONNECTICUT, AND NEW HAVEN FORMED THE NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION TO PROVIDE DEFENSE AGAINST INDIANS, DUTCH, AND THE FRENCH. • THIS WAS THE FIRST ATTEMPT TO FORM A UNION BETWEEN COLONIES.

6. OLAUDAH EQUIANOA young African slave who survived the trans-Atlantic slave trade (Middle Passage) and recalled the inhumane conditions on his trip from West Africa to the West Indies in 1756 when he was 11 yrs. old.

8. MIDDLE COLONIESNEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, AND DELAWARE

9. THE MIDDLE COLONISTS WERE A MIXTURE OF RELIGIONS, INCLUDING QUAKERS (LED BY WILLIAM PENN), CATHOLICS, LUTHERANS, JEWS, AND OTHERS. THIS AREA WAS EXCELLENT FOR FARMING AND INCLUDED NATURAL HARBORS. FARMERS GREW GRAIN AND RAISED LIVESTOCK. THE MIDDLE COLONIES ALSO PRACTICED TRADE LIKE NEW ENGLAND, BUT TYPICALLY THEY WERE TRADING RAW MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURED ITEMS. ONE IMPORTANT EVENT THAT HAPPENED IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD WAS THE ZENGER TRIAL IN 1735. JOHN PETER ZENGER WAS ARRESTED FOR WRITING AGAINST THE ROYAL GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK. ZENGER WAS DEFENDED BY ANDREW HAMILTON AND FOUND NOT GUILTY HELPING TO ESTABLISH THE IDEA OF FREEDOM OF THE PRESS. FACTS ABOUT THE MIDDLE COLONIES

10. SOUTHERN COLONIESMARYLAND, VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA

11. THE SOUTHERN COLONISTS HAD A MIXTURE OF RELIGIONS AS WELL, INCLUDING BAPTISTS AND ANGLICANS. SOUTHERN COLONIES GREW THEIR OWN FOOD ALONG WITH GROWING THREE MAJOR CASH CROPS: TOBACCO, RICE, AND INDIGO. THESE WERE GROWN ON PLANTATIONS TYPICALLY WORKED BY SLAVES AND INDENTURED SERVANTS. THE MAIN COMMERCE OF THE SOUTH WAS WITH ENGLAND. PLANTATIONS KEPT PEOPLE WIDELY SEPARATE WHICH PREVENTED THE GROWTH OF MANY TOWNS. AN IMPORTANT EVENT THAT OCCURRED IN THE SOUTHERN COLONIES WAS BACON'S REBELLION. NATHANIEL BACONLED A GROUP OF VIRGINIA COLONISTS AGAINST NATIVE AMERICANS WHO WERE ATTACKING FRONTIER FARMS. THE ROYAL GOVERNOR, SIR WILLIAM BERKELEY, HAD NOT MOVED AGAINST THE NATIVE AMERICANS. BACON WAS LABELED A TRAITOR BY THE GOVERNOR AND ORDERED ARRESTED. BACON ATTACKED JAMESTOWN AND SEIZED THE GOVERNMENT. HE THEN BECAME ILL AND DIED. BERKELEY RETURNED, HANGED MANY OF THE REBELS, AND WAS EVENTUALLY REMOVED FROM OFFICE BY KING CHARLES II. FACTS ABOUT THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

12. LET’S NOT FORGETROANOKE ISLAND “THE LOST COLONY” • SOUTHERN REGION • SIR WALTER RALEIGH IN 1585 ESTABLISH ENGLISH COLONY IN NEW WORLD. HE SENT THREE DIFFERENT EXPEDITIONS. • IN 1587, THE ENGLISH AGAIN ATTEMPTED TO SETTLE ROANOKE ISLAND, LED BY JOHN WHITE. • HOWEVER, JOHN WHITE LEFT THE COLONY TO RETURN TO ENGLAND FOR SUPPLIES THAT HE FELT WOULD HELP THEM TO SURVIVE, EXPECTING TO RETURN TO ROANOKE ISLAND WITHIN 3 MONTHS. INSTEAD, HE FOUND ENGLAND AT WAR WITH SPAIN, AND ALL SHIPS WERE CONFISCATED FOR USE OF THE WAR EFFORTS. • HIS RETURN TO ROANOKE ISLAND WAS DELAYED UNTIL 1590. • WHEN HE FINALLY RETURNED, THE COLONISTS HAD DISAPPEARED. THE ONLY THING HE FOUND WAS THE WORD "CROATOAN" CARVED INTO A POST OF THE FORT AND "CRO" CARVED INTO A NEARBY TREE, TELLING ABOUT THE NATIVE AMERICANS WHO LIVED CLOSE BY. • THEIR FATE HAS NEVER BEEN AUTHORITATIVELY ASCERTAINED, AND THEY BECAME KNOWN AS "THE LOST COLONY". • COLONISTS DISAPPEARED WITHOUT A TRACE.

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14. VIRGINIA (SOUTHERN REGION)

15. YEAR FOUNDED: 1607 (JAMESTOWN WAS FOUNDED). IN 1624, VIRGINIA WAS CREATED AS A ROYAL COLONY THAT INCLUDED THE ORIGINAL JAMESTOWN SETTLEMENT. • FOUNDED BY: THE LONDON (VIRGINIA) COMPANY FOUNDED VIRGINIA DURING THE REIGN OF JAMES I (1566-1625). • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: JAMESTOWN WAS ORIGINALLY FOUNDED FROM A DESIRE TO GAIN WEALTH (TRADE AND PROFITS) AND TO A LESSER EXTENT TO CONVERT THE NATIVES TO CHRISTIANITY. VIRGINIA BECAME A ROYAL COLONY IN 1624 WHEN KING JAMES I REVOKED THE CHARTER OF THE BANKRUPT VIRGINIA COMPANY. HE FELT THREATENED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY KNOWN AS THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES. HIS TIMELY DEATH IN 1625 ENDED HIS PLANS OF DISBANDING THE ASSEMBLY. • SIGNIFICANCE: FIRST PERMANENT ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IN THE NEW WORLD AT JAMESTOWN. • IT PROVIDED A SOURCE OF FERTILE LAND AND GREAT WEALTH TO ENGLAND IN THE FORM OF THE CASH CROP, TOBACCO. • WITH THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES FOUNDED IN 1619, AMERICA SAW THE FIRST INSTITUTIONAL INSTANCE OF REPRESENTATIVE SELF GOVERNMENT. • ONLY 60 OF 1ST 900 COLONISTS SURVIVED (WINTER OF 1609 “STARVING TIME”) • IMPORTANT PEOPLE: CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH, POCAHONTAS, CHIEF POWHATAN, JOHN ROLFE, NATHANIEL BACON

16. VIRGINIA NEEDED WORKERS FOR THEIR PLANTATIONS THAT WERE PRODUCING TOBACCO. VIRGINIA’S DEPENDENCE ON THIS CASH CROP CREATED THE NEED FOR FIELD LABORERS. VIRGINIA TURNED TO AFRICAN SLAVES TO WORK IN THE FIELD. DURING ITS LAST YEARS AS A COLONY 1/5 OF THE POPULATION WAS AFRICAN AMERICAN

17. MASSACHUSETTS (NORTHERN REGION)

18. YEAR MASSACHUSETTS COLONY FOUNDED: 1620FOUNDED BY: PURITANS AND SEPARATISTS MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: JOHN WINTHROP AND PILGRIMS WISHING TO FLEE PERSECUTION AND FIND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM TRAVELED TO AMERICA AND FORMED THE PLYMOUTH COLONY IN 1620. BEFORE LANDING, THEY ESTABLISHED THEIR OWN GOVERNMENT, THE BASIS OF WHICH WAS THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT. SEPARATISTS IN ENGLAND FLED TO FIND REFUGE IN AMERICA WHERE THEY COULD CREATE A HOME FOR THEMSELVES IN THE MASSACHUSETTS COLONY. THEY CAME OVER ON THE MAYFLOWER.SIGNIFICANCE: THE PILGRIMS ABOARD THE MAYFLOWER CREATED THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT. THIS AGREEMENT WAS TO FORM A GOVERNMENT AND TO SUBMIT TO THE WILL OF THE MAJORITY SET UP THE PRECEDENT OF WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS.IMPORTANT PEOPLE: JOHN WINTHROPE (PURITAN/MASSACHUSETTS BAY GOVERNOR); WILLIAM BRADFORD (SEPARATIST/PLYMOUTH CHOSEN GOVERNOR THIRTY TIMES IN ANNUAL ELECTIONS).IN 1628, PURITANS FORMED THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COMPANY AND MANY PURITANS CONTINUED TO SETTLE IN THE AREA AROUND BOSTON. IN 1691, PLYMOUTH COLONY JOINED WITH THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY.

19. NEW HAMPSHIRE(NORTHERN REGION)

20. YEAR FOUNDED: 1623 • FOUNDED BY: JOHN MASON • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: NEW HAMPSHIRE WAS A PLANNED COLONY. THE LAND IN THE NEW WORLD WAS GRANTED TO CAPTAIN JOHN MASON WHO LIVED IN HAMPSHIRE COUNTY, ENGLAND. HE SENT SETTLERS TO THE NEW TERRITORY TO CREATE A FISHING COLONY. HOWEVER, HE DIED BEFORE EVER SEEING WHERE HE HAD SPENT A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF MONEY BUILDING TOWNS AND DEFENSES. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: • THIS COLONY WAS PART OF MASSACHUSETTS FOR 39 YEARS UNTIL ENGLAND GRANTED MASSACHUSETTS A ROYAL CHARTER IN 1679. • THEIR RATIFICATION (THEY WERE THE NINTH) OF THE CONSTITUTION ASSURED ITS PASSAGE. • IMPORTANT PEOPLE: • CAPTAIN JOHN MASON • GOVERNOR SIR JOHN WENTWORTH

21. NEW YORK(MIDDLE REGION)

22. YEAR FOUNDED: SET UP AS A DUTCH COLONY IN 1625 (ORIGINAL NAME) NEW NETHERLAND. IN 1664, CHARLES II GRANTED NEW NETHERLAND TO HIS BROTHER JAMES, DUKE OF YORK. HE JUST HAD TO TAKE IT FROM THE DUTCH. HE ARRIVED WITH A FLEET. THE DUTCH SURRENDERED WITHOUT A FIGHT; THE COLONY WAS TAKEN OVER BY ENGLISH IN 1664 FOUNDED BY: DUKE OF YORK • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: SET UP FOR TRADE AND PROFITS • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: THE NAME OF THE COLONY WAS CHANGED TO NEW YORK IN HONOR OF THE DUKE. • THE ALBANY CONGRESS OCCURRED AT ALBANY, NEW YORK IN 1754 TO HELP UNITE THE COLONIES FOR DEFENSE AGAINST THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY. • THE FEDERALIST PAPERS WERE PUBLISHED IN NEW YORK NEWSPAPERS TO SWAY VOTERS TO ACCEPT THE NEW CONSTITUTION. • NEW YORK WAS THE ELEVENTH STATE TO RATIFY THE CONSTITUTION. • IMPORTANT PEOPLE: JAMES, DUKE OF YORK, THOMAS DONGAN, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, PETER MINUIT

23. MARYLAND(SOUTHERN REGION)

24. YEAR MARYLAND COLONY WAS FOUNDED: 1634; WAS GIVEN THE CHARTER FOR FOUNDING IN 1632 • MARYLAND COLONY FOUNDED BY: LORD BALTIMORE FATHER—GEORGE CALVERT; SON—(CECIL CALVERT) • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING THE MARYLAND COLONY: LORD BALTIMORE WAS MOTIVATED BOTH BY THE DESIRE FOR PROFIT AND THE DESIRE TO CREATE A REFUGE FOR ROMAN CATHOLICS WHO WERE STILL BEING PERSECUTED IN PROTESTANT ENGLAND. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: LORD BALTIMORE RECEIVED LAND FROM KING CHARLES I TO CREATE A HAVEN FOR CATHOLICS. • HIS SON, THE SECOND LORD BALTIMORE, PERSONALLY OWNED ALL THE LAND AND COULD USE OR SELL IT AS HE WISHED. • MARYLAND WAS A PROPRIETORSHIP WHICH MEANS THAT THE PROPRIETOR HAD EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY. • TOBACCO WAS VERY PROFITABLE FOR THE COLONY. • RELIGIOUS FREEDOM FOR DIFFERENT SECTS OF CHRISTIANITY WAS WIDESPREAD, ESPECIALLY AFTER THE PASSAGE OF THE ACT OF TOLERATION IN 1649 WHICH ALLOWED FOR TOLERATION TO ALL CHRISTIANS. MARYLAND EVENTUALLY BECAME KNOWN AS A 'HAVEN FOR CATHOLICS'. • IMPORTANT PERSON: LORD BALTIMORE

25. CONNECTICUT(NORTHERN REGION)

26. YEAR CONNECTICUT COLONY FOUNDED: C. 1635/1636; COLONISTS WERE MOVING INTO AND STARTING TOWNS IN FUTURE CONNECTICUT IN 1635 BUT THE MAIN TOWNS DID NOT JOIN TOGETHER TO FORM THE CONNECTICUT COLONY UNTIL 1636. • FOUNDED BY: THOMAS HOOKER AND A GROUP OF MASSACHUSETTS COLONISTS. • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: INDIVIDUALS FROM THE MASSACHUSETTS COLONY MOVED TO WHAT WOULD BECOME CONNECTICUT BECAUSE THEY WERE LOOKING FOR MORE FREEDOM AND FINANCIAL OPPORTUNITIES. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: • KING CHARLES II OFFICIALLY UNITED CONNECTICUT AS A SINGLE COLONY IN 1662. • PEQUOT WAR - 1636-1637 - THIS 'WAR' WAS FOUGHT BETWEEN THE SETTLERS IN CONNECTICUT AND THE PEQUOT INDIANS. BY THE END OF THE WAR, THE PEQUOT INDIANS WERE DECIMATED. • IN 1639, THREE SETTLEMENTS JOINED TO FORM A UNIFIED GOVERNMENT CREATING A DOCUMENT CALLED THE FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT, THE FIRST WRITTEN CONSTITUTION IN AMERICA. MANY BELIEVE THAT THIS WRITTEN CONSTITUTION WOULD BECOME THE BASIS FOR THE LATER UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION. • IMPORTANT PERSON: THOMAS HOOKER

27. RHODE ISLAND(NORTHERN REGION)

28. YEAR FOUNDED: 1636 • FOUNDED BY: ROGER WILLIAMS • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: ROGER WILLIAMS WAS ORDERED TO BE ARRESTED BY THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY FOR HIS BELIEFS IN SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE AND FREEDOM OF RELIGION. HE FLED AND LIVED WITH THE NARRAGANSETT NATIVE AMERICANS AND FORMED PROVIDENCE IN 1636. ANNE HUTCHINSON WAS BANISHED FOR SPEAKING OUT AGAINST THE CHURCH IN MASSACHUSETTS BAY. SHE FORMED PORTSMOUTH. • TWO OTHER SETTLEMENTS AROSE AND ALL FOUR JOINED TOGETHER WITH PERMISSION FROM ENGLAND TO FORM PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS – LATER CALLED RHODE ISLAND. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: THIS COLONY WAS THE FIRST TO GUARANTEE ALL ITS CITIZENS FREEDOM OF WORSHIP. • THE COLONY WAS FOUNDED ON SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE. • RHODE ISLAND IS KNOWN FOR ITS FIERCE INDEPENDENCE. • THE COLONY WAS THE LAST TO RATIFY THE U.S. CONSTITUTION – AFTER IT HAD ALREADY GONE INTO EFFECT AND THE GOVERNMENT HAD BEEN ESTABLISHED. • IMPORTANT PEOPLE: • ROGER WILLIAMS • ANNE HUTCHINSON

29. DELAWARE (MIDDLE REGION)

30. YEAR FOUNDED: 1638 • FOUNDED BY: PETER MINUIT AND THE NEW SWEDEN COMPANY • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: ESTABLISHED BY SWEDEN (PETER MINUIT) WAS DUTCH AND FORMED NEW SWEDEN AS PART OF NEW NETHERLAND. WHEN CHARLES II, KING OF ENGLAND GAVE HIS BROTHER JAMES, THE DUKE OF YORK, NEW NETHERLAND, HE DEMANDED AND RECEIVED ITS SURRENDER (TAKEN OVER BY THE ENGLISH IN 1664). HE RENAMED NEW SWEDEN TO DELAWARE. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: THE DUKE OF YORK GRANTED WILLIAM PENN THE REGION TO GIVE PENNSYLVANIA FULL ACCESS TO THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. • ONCE CALL THE THREE LOWER COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA. • DELAWARE WAS A PART OF PENNSYLVANIA UNTIL 1704. • THE COLONY WAS GOVERNED BY PENNSYLVANIA UNTIL THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. • IMPORTANT PEOPLE: PETER MINUIT, JAMES, THE DUKE OF YORK

31. NORTH CAROLINA(SOUTHERN REGION)

32. YEAR NORTH CAROLINA COLONY FOUNDED: 1663 • FOUNDED BY: VIRGINIANS • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: IN 1653, SOME VIRGINIANS SETTLED IN WHAT WOULD BECOME NORTH CAROLINA. IN 1663, KING CHARLES II ISSUED A ROYAL CHARTER TO EIGHT NOBLES TO SETTLE THE AREA SOUTH OF VIRGINIA. THEY CREATED CAROLINA AND INCLUDED THE PREVIOUS SETTLEMENT. HOWEVER, BECAUSE OF INTERNAL PROBLEMS, THE CROWN TOOK OVER THE COLONY AND FORMED NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA OUT OF IT IN 1729. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: JOINT BUSINESS VENTURE WITH ENGLAND • PREVENTED THE SPANISH IN FLORIDA FROM MOVING NORTHWARD; GROWING OF DIFFERENT CROPS (WARMER CLIMATE). • THIS WAS A COLLECTION OF DISPARATE SETTLERS WHICH OFTEN LED TO INTERNAL PROBLEMS AND DISPUTES. • THE COLONY WAS ONE OF THE LAST HOLD OUTS TO RATIFY THE CONSTITUTION – AFTER IT HAD ALREADY GONE INTO EFFECT AND THE GOVERNMENT HAD BEEN ESTABLISHED. • THE LOST COLONY OF ROANOKE WAS LOCATED IN WHAT IS NOW NORTH CAROLINA. • IMPORTANT PEOPLE: WALTER RALEIGH, KING CHARLES II AND VIRGINIANS

33. NEW JERSEY (MIDDLE REGION) The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. The Keith Line is shown in red, and the Coxe and Barclay line is shown in Orange.

34. YEAR FOUNDED: 1664 • FOUNDED BY: LORD BERKELEY AND SIR GEORGE CARTERET • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: THEY PROVIDED LIBERAL GRANTS OF LAND AND FREEDOM OF RELIGION • IN 1664, JAMES, THE DUKE OF YORK, RECEIVED CONTROL OF NEW NETHERLAND. HE GRANTED LAND TO TWO OF HIS FRIENDS, LORD BERKELEY AND SIR GEORGE CARTERET, THAT WOULD BECOME NEW JERSEY. • THE TWO ADVERTISED AND PROMISED SETTLERS MANY BENEFITS FOR COLONIZING INCLUDING REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT AND FREEDOM OF RELIGION. THE COLONY QUICKLY GREW. • QUAKERS EVENTUALLY PURCHASED BOTH OF THEIR CHARTERS AND CREATED EAST AND WEST JERSEY WHICH WERE JOINED BY THE CROWN IN 1702. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: COLONY WAS SPLIT BETWEEN EAST AND WEST JERSERY. • NEW JERSEY WAS THE THIRD STATE TO RATIFY THE CONSTITUTION. • NEW JERSEY WAS THE FIRST TO RATIFY THE BILL OF RIGHTS. • IMPORTANT PEOPLE: JAMES, DUKE OF YORK; LORD BERKELEY SIR GEORGE CARTERET.

35. SOUTH CAROLINA(SOUTHERN REGION)

36. YEAR SOUTH CAROLINA COLONY FOUNDED: 1664 • FOUNDED BY: EIGHT NOBLES WITH A ROYAL CHARTER FROM CHARLES II. • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: IN 1663, KING CHARLES II ISSUED A ROYAL CHARTER TO EIGHT NOBLES TO SETTLE THE AREA SOUTH OF VIRGINIA. THEY CREATED CAROLINA AND INCLUDED THE PREVIOUS SETTLEMENT. HOWEVER, BECAUSE OF INTERNAL PROBLEMS, THE CROWN TOOK OVER THE COLONY AND FORMED NORTH CAROLINA AND SOUTH CAROLINA OUT OF IT IN 1729. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: THE MAIN PORT WAS CHARLES TOWN (CHARLESTON); ONE OF THE WEALTHIEST COLONIES (RICE MAJOR CROP) WARMER CLIMATE. • PREVENTED THE SPANISH IN FLORIDA FROM MOVING NORTHWARD; GROWING OF DIFFERENT CROPS. • MORE REVOLUTIONARY WAR BATTLES WERE FOUGHT IN THIS COLONY THAN ANY OTHER COLONIES. • IMPORTANT PERSONS: EIGHT NOBLES WITH A ROYAL CHARTER FROM KING CHARLES II

37. PENNSYLVANIA (MIDDLE REGION)

38. YEAR FOUNDED: 1681 • FOUNDED BY: WILLIAM PENN • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: WILLIAM PENN FOUNDED PENNSYLVANIA WITH A LAND GRANT THAT WAS OWED HIS DECEASED FATHER BY KING CHARLES II. HIS GOAL WAS TO CREATE A COLONY THAT ALLOWED FOR FREEDOM OF RELIGION DUE TO HIS DESIRE TO PROTECT HIMSELF AND FELLOW QUAKERS FROM PERSECUTION. HE BELIEVED IN EQUALITY OF ALL PEOPLE. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE (PHILADELPHIA); PENN WISHED TO BEGIN A “HOLY EXPERIMENT. • THE COLONY WAS WELL-ADVERTISED AND BY 1700 WAS THE THIRD BIGGEST AND RICHEST COLONY IN THE NEW WORLD. • PENN ALLOWED FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND RIGHT TO ELECT PUBLIC OFFICIALS (A REPRESENTATIVE ASSEMBLY ELECTED BY LANDOWNERS). • QUAKER RELIGION—FREEDOM OF WORSHIP AND RELIGION WAS GRANTED TO ALL CITIZENS. • THIS COLONY BECAME HOME TO MANY EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS • IMPORTANT PERSON: WILLIAM PENN

39. GEORGIA * LAST OF THE 13 COLONIES*(SOUTHERN REGION)

40. YEAR FOUNDED: 1732 • FOUNDED BY: JAMES OGLETHORPE • MOTIVATION FOR FOUNDING: IN 1732, JAMES OGLETHORPE WAS GIVEN A CHARTER FROM KING GEORGE II TO CREATE A NEW COLONY WHICH HE WOULD NAME GEORGIA. THIS WAS LOCATED BETWEEN SOUTH CAROLINA AND FLORIDA. IT HAD TWO MAIN PURPOSES: TO SERVE AS A PLACE WHERE DEBTORS IN PRISON COULD GO TO START NEW AND IT SERVED AS A BARRIER AGAINST SPANISH EXPANSION FROM FLORIDA. • SIGNIFICANT EVENTS: OGLETHORPE’S POLICIES WERE: PROHIBITED SLAVERY & DRINKING OF RUM OGLETHROPE POLICIES WERE REVERSED WHEN THE BRITISH CROWN ASSUMED DIRECT CONTROLOF THE COLONY IN 1752. IN 1733, A GROUP OF SETTLERS JOINED OGLETHORPE TO FOUND SAVANNAH, GEORGIA. • GEORGIA BEGAN WITH THE INTENTION TO HAVE LITTLE LANDHOLDING AND NO SLAVERY. HOWEVER, WHEN IT BECAME A ROYAL COLONY IN 1752, PLANTATIONS AND SLAVERY BECAME A MAJOR PART OF THE GEORGIAN ECONOMY. • GEORGIA WAS IN THE FIRST GROUP OF STATES TO RATIFY THE NEW CONSTITUTION AFTER THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR ENDED. • IMPORTANT PEOPLE: KING GEORGE II, JAMES OGLETHORPE