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The Establishment of the 13 Original Colonies

The Establishment of the 13 Original Colonies. Roanoke and Jamestown. England’s Early Settlement of Virginia. Elizabeth I. Reigned 1558 – 1603 Wanted colonies to compete with Spain (mercantilism) Spread Protestant faith Provide raw material Be a market for English goods.

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The Establishment of the 13 Original Colonies

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  1. The Establishment of the 13 Original Colonies

  2. Roanoke and Jamestown England’s Early Settlement of Virginia

  3. Elizabeth I • Reigned 1558 – 1603 • Wanted colonies to compete with Spain (mercantilism) • Spread Protestant faith • Provide raw material • Be a market for English goods

  4. Roanoke Island (Lost Colony) • Sir Walter Raleigh asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the North America. • Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a charter (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.)

  5. Roanoke 1580s – The Lost Colony • Poorly planned and supplied • Failed due to hunger and bad relations with the Native Americans. • All but 15 men went back to England on a ship. • John White returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island. • On one of the trees was written CROATOAN.

  6. James I • Reigned 1603-1625 • Wanted colonies that would economically help England • Wanted to get rid of people who don’t want to follow the Church of England

  7. Jamestown -1607 • In 1606, King James I gave permission to the Virginia Company of London to try a colony. • Joint-stock company • First to settle Jamestown • Jamestown was named after the King James I and Virginia was named after Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen of England.

  8. Jamestown • On May 14, 1607, the settlers began building the first English permanent settlement on the James River in Virginia. • Colony led byJohn Smith • No precious metals found • Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown

  9. Gentlemen do not want to work. • John Smith– “He who will not work, shall not eat” • John Smith returns to England in 1609 • Leads to poor colonial leadership • Not educated in how to plant food in Virginia. • The Starving Time– 1609 • Native American attacks • Disease Hardship in Jamestown

  10. John Rolfe– arrives in Jamestown in 1610 • Experimented with planting Caribbean tobacco seeds in fertile Virginia soil. • The cash crop was the savior of the colony of Jamestown and Virginia • Free Enterprise • Business not interfered with by government • Colonists farmed the land for profit • Private land ownershipexpanded Jamestown Thrives

  11. House of BurgessesStart of Representative Government • 1619 – Virginia Company allows creation of a representative body • Gave people a voice in their government • Ten towns sent 2 representatives called burgesses to an assembly • July 30 – House of Burgesses met at a church in Jamestown

  12. “20 & odd Negroes, which the governor & cape merchant bought…at the best & easiest rate they could” • Written by John Rolfein 1619 • Jamestown – 1st English settlement to use African slaves New Arrivals change Jamestown

  13. A Review of Jamestown (Virginia) 1607 • Created by Virginia Company of London • Joint Stock Company • created colony to make profit for investors • Many hardships faced • John Rolfe’s tobacco plant created wealth • Created House of Burgesses in 1619 • First representative body in American colonies John Smith

  14. The New England Colonies The Migration of Puritans and Pilgrims

  15. Plymouth (Massachusetts) 1620 • Pilgrims (Separatists) fleeing religious persecution • Created Mayflower Compact

  16. New Hampshire 1623 • John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and trade • Portsmouth • Expanded by John Wheelwright in 1638 • Some Puritans seek more freedoms Atlantic Cod

  17. Charles I • Reigned 1625-1649 • Son of James I • Didn’t get along with the Puritans or Parliament • Wanted to help the Catholics

  18. Massachusetts Bay 1630 • Settled by the Puritans • Great Migration • Absorbed Plymouth • Founded Harvard College in 1636 to train Puritan ministers • Town meetings John Winthrop

  19. Connecticut 1636 • Continuation of the Great Migration of the Puritans • Dissatisfied with lack of freedoms in Mass. • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Extended rights of citizens Thomas Hooker

  20. Rhode Island 1636 • Roger Williams kicked out of Massachusetts • Believed in the separation of church and state • Thought the Native Americans should be treated fairly Roger Williams

  21. The Middle Colonies The Role of Religion in the Colonies

  22. Originally New Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624 • Taken for its trade routes & commerce • Became English in 1664 • Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II) • Originally part of New Netherlands • Became English in 1664 • Land sales and religious freedom • Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret New York 1664 New Jersey

  23. Pennsylvania 1682 • Land given to Penn to cover a £16,000 loan • Peaceful place for the Quaker congregation • Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land William Penn

  24. Originally settled by the Swedes (Sweden) 1643-1655 • Taken over by the Dutch 1655-1664 • Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands • Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed until 1704 Delaware 1682

  25. The Southern Colonies Geography drives cash crop prodcution

  26. Maryland 1632 • Founded as a refuge for English Catholics • Welcomed all Christians • 1st settlement St. Mary’s City George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

  27. Founded in 1663 • Groups of proprietors • Most noted Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury • His advisor John Locke helped write the constitution for Carolina • Split into North and South in 1712 The Carolinas 1663

  28. George II • Reigns 1727-1760 • Son of George I • Stopped the attempt to reclaim the throne by James II’s grandson Charles Edward Stuart

  29. Georgia 1732 • Place to send debtors • Keep the Spanish from attacking from the south • Strict rules; no slaves, no alcohol James Oglethorpe

  30. George III • Reigns 1760-1820 • Grandson of George II • Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada

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