How did the Life of People Change in Germany under Nazi control?

1. How did the Life of People Change in Germany under Nazi control? Learning Objectives To be able to describe how the lives of different groups of people changed in the Third Reich To be able to explain why this happened and how some people lives improved

2. How did the Nazi’s control peoples lives?

3. Women Lives of women during the Third Reich changed greatly • They had more freedom • Got new jobs • Could votes • Were allowed to wear what they wanted to and act as they liked Things changed when Hitler came to power…

4. Women in the Third Reich • Nazi’s had a very traditional view on the role of women, they believed a woman: • Should not wear make up • Be blonde, heavy hipped and athletic • Wear flat shoes and a full skirt • Will not smoke • Will not go to work • DO all of the household duties (inc bringing up the children • Take no interest in politics

5. Changes for Women under the Nazis • Nazis wanted to focus women on family and marriage, • they were concerned with the declining birth rate • so they launched a propaganda campaign aimed at promoting motherhood and large families, • laws were brought it which gave young couples who married loans if the wife left her job, the couple would be allowed to keep a ¼ of the loan every time they had a new child

6. Medals were awarded to women with large families • Nazis changed the law a divorce was possible if the wife or husband could not have children • Lebensborn policy was set up; women could ‘donate a baby’ to Hitler by getting pregnant by an SS man. Sometimes the women had to say in this… • Instead of going to work, women were asked to stick to the ‘three k’s’ – Kinder, Kuche, Kirche – Children, Kitchen and Church. • Women were forced to leave many jobs, and told to do so the men could return to work • By 1938 this changed as they need women to work in factories and on farms so men could join the army • Some women liked this changes but many saw • it as a big step back and were unhappy.

7. How did education and youth movements control the young? • The Nazis changed the education system by controlling: • Teachers: Made to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler and promote Nazi ideals in classroom • Curriculum: changed to prepare students for their future roles, he wanted fit and healthy people so p.e. became very important. Girls and boys took different lessons • Textbooks were rewritten to fit Nazi’s views particularly History. Mein Kampf – Hitler's book was studied to excess

8. The Hitler Youth • Hitler also wanted to control the youth in their spare time so they created the ‘Hitler Youth’. • All other youth organisations were banned • From 1939 membership was compulsory • By 1939 there were 7 million members

9. Police Control • Gestapo: Secret police called the Gestapo would spy on and arrest enemies of the state. • SS: The SS were responsible for running the concentration camps. • Concentration camps: opposition were taken to the camps for questioning torture and hard labour, inmates were treated very brutality, few survived the experiences. • The Legal system: Hitler sent people to court to try them for treason, all the judges were Nazis so people were rarely found innocent

10. Changes to German Economy • Unemployment dropped quickly 4.8 million in 1933 to 0.5 million in 1938 • Wages rose slightly but were still lower in 1938 than they had been in 1928 • Working hours went up to 49 hours per week in 1939 – 52 hours in 1943 to over 60 hours per week by 1945 • There were fewer consumer goods (personal and household goods • Trade unions were replaced by “Beauty of Labour” and strength Through Joy” who organised better conditions and leisure activities

11. Nazism Glorified strength Hated weakness Believed in racial superiority Saw Hitler as a God-Like figure Christianity Teaches love and forgiveness Helps the weak Respect for all people Belief in God Religion in Nazi Germany

12. Changes to the Church • Catholic church schools and groups were controlled and then banned • They slowly started changing the inside of churches and created their own Nazi Church called the Reich Church • There was a lot of opposition to this and people set up a Church against the Nazis called the Confessional Church

13. Changes to the Church • Some Protestants admired Hitler and were called German Christians and wore Nazi uniforms and gave the greeting in church as ‘Heil Hitler’ • Their slogan was ‘The Swastika on our chests and the cross in our hearts

14. Nazifying of the Church • Nazifying of the churches occurred: • God was replaced with Hitler • The Bible was replaced by a copy of Mein Kampf • The Cross was replaced with the Swastika and Sword • Jesus disciples were replaced with images of Hitler’s Henchmen

15. Were people better off under the Nazis? • Unemployment fell everywhere not just in Germany • Some people were forced to work on public works • There were disadvantages to SDA and KDF – workers had no representation • Workers put more into the economy than they got out • If you were “Aryan” and of no strong political beliefs life was relatively good

16. The Terror State Propaganda Secret police called the Gestapo would spy on and arrest enemies of the state. Mass Rallies, Posters and Propaganda films. Keeping Control of Germany The Nazis controlled and censored the radio & newspapers. SS were responsible for running the concentration camps. School children were indoctrinated with Nazi ideas at school. Popularity Ripping up the Treaty of Versailles. How did Hitler keep control of Germany? Everyone was scared of being arrested by the Gestapo and being put in a concentration camp. Hitler Youth & the Young Maidens. Creating Jobs

17. The Terror State • Both the Gestapo and the SS were run by Heinrich Himmler. • The Gestapo employed an army of spies who would inform on people.

18. Communists Social Democrats Jews Trade Unionists. Work Shy Homosexuals Gypsies Germans who bought from Jews Pacifists Radical Christian Organisation Anyone who criticised Hitler or the Nazi Party. Enemies of the State; who should be worried…

19. You are imprisoned for up to six months doing hard physical labour. When you are released you tell everybody what has happened to you Gestapo Spies inform on you Fear You are woken up by the Gestapo at 1 am in the morning and told that you have 5 minutes to pack your bags. You are handed over to the SS who run the concentration camps. By signing this form you are giving your consent to be put into a concentration camp. Days or maybe weeks later you are interviewed and asked to sign form D11 You are arrested and thrown into a cell at the police station How did the Terror State Work?

20. How were propaganda and censorship used?

21. Nazi Propaganda • What is propaganda? • Propaganda is the use of the Media to aggressively promote one point of view. • Propaganda is ‘brainwashing’ of the public, convincing them of an ideological viewpoint.

22. Nazi Propaganda • The Nazi’s quickly recognised the value of the media. From the early days of the party they used aggressive advertising to promote the nazi ideology • Goebbels was in charge of ‘enlightening’ the German public

23. Nazi Propaganda: Methods • Posters • Radio • Film • Newspapers

24. Posters • Posters are cheap and easy to distribute • Placed in prominent positions they act as a constant reminder of ideology • Can be used for many purposes

25. Examples of Nazi Posters

26. Radio • Hitler’s Speeches Hitler is considered to have been one of the greatest public speakers of all time.

27. Film Film was used to show Hitler in a positive light as often as possible. The Nazi’s commissioned several films, each carefully portraying a certain image – try to think what this may have been…

28. Newspapers • Censoring newspapers ensures that only the news you want people to read is available to the public • Nazi party members wrote many articles for the press, ensuring that the message was always positive • Many publications were banned

29. Rallies • An annual mass rally was held at Nuremburg to advertise the power of the Nazi state

30. Books • Books were all carefully controlled and censored to controlled to make sure the Nazi message was put across. In order to ensure this happened book burning ceremonies took place

31. How did Nazi Racial Policy affect life in Germany Use pages 168 – 172 to fill in box on your sheet

32. What was Nazi Racial Policy?

33. How did Nazi Religious policy affect life in Germany Use pages 173 – 174 to answer this question

34. Extension Task/Homework Answer the following question (worth 5 marks) Describe the treatment of Jews in Germany between 1933 – 1939