Introduction to Research Skills: A utumn 2011

1. Introduction to Research Skills:Autumn 2011 Sue Bird Bodleian Subject Librarian

2. Introduction to Bibliographic Databases • Introduction to Current Awareness Services • Introduction to Reference Management Software • Introduction to Oxford Research Archive This session

3. www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/science

4. GUIDE to RESOURCES libguides/engineering

7. Scopus -- abstract and citation database containing both peer-reviewed research literature and quality web sources. With over 19,000 titles from more than 5,000 international publishers, including 300 book series. • 45.5 million records: • 24.5 million records with references back to 1996 (of which 78% include references). • 21 million records pre-1996 which go back as far as 1823. • 4.6 million conference papers from proceedings and journals. • 350 million scientific web pages indexed via Scirus • 24.7 million patent records from five patent offices SCOPUS

15. Keeping up to date with SCOPUS Covers journals loaded onto ScienceDirect (but not exclusively) Includes Abstracts in the searches as well as journal titles, keywords and citations Can look at the results over the net Journal and Citation alerts are emailed Search (Keyword) alerts must be viewed online

16. Research Skills Three ways to keep up to date: • E-mail alert – you can specify a search to be repeated and the results emailed to you at chosen intervals or Zetoc will tell you when the next issue of a journal is available. • Saving and rerunning searches – you save a search and run it again in the future. • Citation Alert – you will receive an email every time a particular article is cited in another WoK or Scopus indexed article.

17. ZETOC British Library: Electronic Table of Contents +++ Broad coverage. Easy to set up. Easy to modify & extend --- Not so timely as some (it depends on BL receipt of hard copy)

21. RSS = Really Simple Syndication • RSS is a family of web feed formats • A web feed is a data format used for serving users frequently updated content. • Content distributors syndicate a web feed • thereby allowing users to subscribe to it.

22. E-Journals I didn't check for the hard copy - so used to getting online access!

23. Avoiding Plagiarism "...You must always indicate to the examiners when you have drawn on the work of others; other people's original ideas and methods should be clearly distinguished from your own, and other people's words, illustrations, diagrams etc. should be clearly indicated regardless of whether they are copied exactly, paraphrased, or adapted... ...The University reserves the right to use software applications to screen any individual's submitted work for matches either to published sources or to other submitted work. Any such matches respectively might indicate either plagiarism or collusion... ...Although the use of electronic resources by students in their academic work is encouraged, you should remember that the regulations on plagiarism apply to on-line material and other digital material just as much as to printed material..." Section 9.5 Proctors' and Assessor's Memorandum

24. Good academic practice So by following the citation principles and practices in place in your subject area, you will develop a rigorous approach to academic referencing, and avoid inadvertent plagiarism.

25. Citing your references An article in an online journal which also exists in print should be cited in the same way as print To cite something which only exists electronically, e.g. a web site, follow special rules which include the date viewed A specific quote must include the page reference in the citation. Also any number of style manuals:- The complete guide to referencing and avoiding plagiarism /Colin Neville.2007 RSL LB 2369 NEV – also available on-line ! Cite them right : the essential referencing guide / Richard Pears and Graham Shields. 2010 RSL LB 2369 PEA

26. Reference Management Systems RefWorks (web based – access your records anywhere - free to members of university – even after you leave) • ProCite, Reference ManagerandEndNote (works without web access – but software needs to be installed on own machine – charge of c£80 from OUCS) • EndNoteon the Web (free to members of university, but has limited feature set – designed to be used alongside desktop version) • Zotero is a free plug-in for Firefox browser (only) – limited but growing capability • Mendeley, etc.

27. Compatibility of different reference management packages • EndNote • Operating Systems • Word Processors • Note 1: EndNote has a ‘format document’ feature which can process .rtf format files containing unformatted citation place holders. These .rtf files can be generated by most Word Processors. The Cite While You Write plugin will only work with the word processors listed here however. • Note 2: X5 is the latest EndNote version. X2 is currently the version installed on library computers. X4 is currently the version being sold by the OUCS shop.

28. Compatibility of different reference management packages • RefWorks • Operating Systems • *The web-based elements of RefWorks work fine on Linux but the Cite-n-Write plugin is not available for Linux. • Web Browsers • *RefGrab-it plugins not available for these browsers – Google Chrome/Chromium & Opera - but the rest of RefWorks functionality should work. • Word Processors • Note: RefWorks has a ‘format document’ feature which can process .rtf format files containing unformatted citation place holders. These .rtf files can be generated by most Word Processors. I strongly don’t recommend this route, I’ve found it unreliable and error prone. The Write-n-Cite plugin will only work with the word processors listed here however. Works principally with Microsoft Word

29. Compatibility of different reference management packages • Zotero • Operating Systems • Web Browsers  • Note: Zotero is fundamentally designed as a Firefox add-on and only works with Firefox • Word Processors  • Note: Zotero requires a plugin to be installed for allowing addition of citations to word processed documents.

30. Compatibility of different reference management packages • Mobile Devices • Some reference management software has mobile versions offering generally more limited functionality and adaptations to better suit small screens. Some software also has dedicated app versions for iPads (or shortly will have in the case of ColWiz). • RefWorks – mobile version. • EndNote Web – mobile version. • Mendeley – dedicated iPad app. • ColWiz – dedicated iPad app coming very soon.

31. Compatibility of different reference management packages • General Web Browser Compatibility • Not all web browsers are compatible with all operating systems. Firefox is by far the best supported browser in terms of operating system platforms and the reference management applications it will work with. Mac and Linux systems can run some Windows software using hardware/software emulation or virtual machines. This gets very complicated, so this table focuses on what will ‘just work’ with each system

37. Research Skills Search Tip : 1 • Important to remember that although each database covers thousands of journal titles no single database is ever comprehensive. • If you are having difficulty finding material on a topic use the keywords you find in any relevant reference and search again.

38. Contents are indexed by subject specialists Subject headings Limiting functions e.g. publication types, language Allow you to View Search history Combine searches Mark and sort results Print/save/email/export Save searches Set up alerts Searches done by automated “web crawlers” No thesaurus / subject headings – just free text searching No limiting functions Usually none of these! Databases vs. Search engines

39. Research Skills Search Tip : 2 • Use Boolean Logical Operators AND, OR, NOT also proximity operators Adj (literally adjacent); Near(same sentence); With(same field) • Field descriptors: AU(author); TI(title); AB (abstract); SO(source or reference); DE (general descriptor) etc are likely to be specific to each database and won’t operate in ‘cross searches’ • Combining searches: #1 and #2

40. Research Skills Search Tip : 3 • Consider subject synonyms & British and US spellings. • Apply truncation, usually * to find plurals/alternative word endings and ? to replace a single character. • Expand search by following hypertext links esp subject headings • Use tagging facilities within database to mark articles for printing, emailing, downloading or exporting. • Authors names: Check the online help for formats. Use the database index to find different forms of author’s name, otherwise truncate first initial.

41. Web of Knowledge Similar but not the same : a.k.a. Web of Science WEB of Science: ISI citation indexes Broad Coverage – all subject areas Automatic export to EndNote but now with export to RefWorks (Journal Citation Reports – help choose the most effective title in your area)

49. Bibliographic Databases Search :- wind turbine* AND (energy OR power) AND (home OR domestic OR residential) 2008-2011(2012) Scopus = 157 articles Web of Science = 80 articles Inspec (via Web of Knowledge) = 90 articles RefWorks(after de-duplication)= 210

50. Oxford Research Archive • Students registered on the D.Phil. programme from 1st October 2007 are required to deposit both a print copy (in the Bodleian Library) and a digital copy (in ORA) of their thesis. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/