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Unit 9 Chordates

Unit 9 Chordates. Ch. 32 Mammals. Introduction to the Mammals. In addition to having hair & the ability to nourish their young with milk, all mammals breathe air, have 4-chambered hearts, & are endotherms that generate their body heat internally. Evolution of Mammals.

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Unit 9 Chordates

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  1. Unit 9 Chordates Ch. 32 Mammals

  2. Introduction to the Mammals • In addition to having hair & the ability to nourish their young with milk, all mammals breathe air, have 4-chambered hearts, & are endotherms that generate their body heat internally

  3. Evolution of Mammals • The first true mammals appeared on Earth 220 million years ago

  4. Form & Function in Mammals • As endotherms, mammals are capable of adjusting their body heat internally

  5. Form & Function in Mammals • As mammals evolved, the form & function of their jaws & teeth became adapted to eat foods other than insects

  6. Jaws & Teeth of Mammals

  7. Form & Function in Mammals • The kidneys of mammals help maintain homeostasis by filtering urea from the blood, & by excreting excess water or retaining needed water

  8. Form & Function in Mammals

  9. Form & Function in Mammals • The limbs & digits of many mammals are adapted to their particular way of life

  10. Form & Function in Mammals

  11. Diversity of Mammals • Monotremes lay eggs • Marsupials bear live young, but at a very early stage of development

  12. Diversity of Mammals • In placental mammals, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, & wastes are exchanged efficiently between embryo & mother through the placenta

  13. Biogeography of Mammals • Similar ecological opportunities on different continents have produced striking examples of convergent evolution in mammals

  14. What Is a Primate? • In general, primates have binocular vision, a well-developed cerebrum, relatively long fingers & toes, & arms that can rotate around their shoulder joints

  15. Evolution of Primates • Primates that evolved from 2 of the earliest branches look very little like typical monkeys & are called prosimians • Members of the more familiar primate group that includes monkeys, apes, & humans are called anthropoids

  16. Evolution of Primates

  17. Hominid Evolution • Modern hominids walk upright on 2 legs; gorillas use all 4 limbs

  18. Hominid Evolution • It is now clear that hominid evolution did not proceed by the simple, straight-line transformation of 1 species into another

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