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Unit 9 Chordates

Unit 9 Chordates. Ch. 33 Comparing Chordates. The Chordate Family Tree. The chordate family tree has its roots in ancestors that vertebrates share with tunicates & lancelets. The Chordate Family Tree. Evolutionary Trends in Vertebrates.

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Unit 9 Chordates

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  1. Unit 9 Chordates Ch. 33 Comparing Chordates

  2. The Chordate Family Tree • The chordate family tree has its roots in ancestors that vertebrates share with tunicates & lancelets

  3. The Chordate Family Tree

  4. Evolutionary Trends in Vertebrates • Over the course of evolution, the appearance of new adaptations (jaws & paired appendages) has launched adaptive radiations in chordate groups • Adaptive radiation - the rapid diversification of species as they adapt to new conditions

  5. Evolutionary Trends in Vertebrates • A rapid increase in the # & diversity of land vertebrates followed the evolution of 4 limbs

  6. Chordate Diversity

  7. Body Temperature & Homeostasis • The control of body temperature is important for maintaining homeostasis in vertebrates, particularly in habitats where temperature varies widely with time of day & with season

  8. Body Temperature & Homeostasis • The internal control of body temperature allows emperor penguins to live in cold Antarctic climates, where their feathers act as insulation

  9. Body Temperature & Homeostasis • Ectotherm - the body temperature is determined by the temperature of the environ.; the animals pick up heat from, or lose heat to, their environ. • Most reptiles, fishes, & amphibians are ectotherms

  10. Body Temperature & Homeostasis • Endotherm - an animal whose body temp. is controlled from within; they can generate & retain heat inside their bodies • Birds & mammals are endotherms

  11. Form & Function in Chordates • Feeding: • The blunt, broad jaws & numerous teeth of crocodiles help them catch large prey, even in thick vegetation

  12. Form & Function in Chordates • Feeding: • The digestive system of vertebrates have organs that are well adapted for different feeding habits

  13. Form & Function in Chordates • Respiration: • As a general rule, aquatic chordates (tunicates, fishes, & amphibian larvae) use gills for respiration • Land vertebrates (adult amphibians, reptiles, birds, & mammals) use lungs

  14. Form & Function in Chordates • Circulation: • During chordate evolution, the heart developed chambers & partitions that help separate oxygen-rich & oxygen-poor blood traveling in the circulatory system • The heart of fishes have 2 chambers, amphibians & most reptiles have 3 chambers, & crocodilians, birds, & mammals have 4 chambers

  15. Form & Function in Chordates

  16. Form & Function in Chordates • Response: • Nonvertebrate chordates have a simple nervous system with a mass of nerve cells that form a brain • Vertebrates have a more complex brain with distinct regions, each with a different function

  17. Form & Function in Chordates

  18. Form & Function in Chordates • Movement: • The skeletal & muscular systems support a vertebrate’s body & make it possible to control movement • Muscles & ligaments attach the appendages to the backbone & help control movement

  19. Form & Function in Chordates • Reproduction: • Almost all chordates reproduce sexually • Vertebrate evolution shows a trend from external to internal fertilization

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