The organic carbon

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2. eoVrbm nmUr XoÊ`mgmR>r amÌr AnamÌr eoVmV Omd§ bmJV§ Am{U AmVm O`d§VÀ`mhr ho Mm§Jb§M A§JdiUr nS>b§`. amÌr AnamÌr eoVmV nmUr ^am`bm Omd§ bmJV Agë`m‘wio AmVm H$emMrM ^rVr Cabr Zmhr Ag§ O`d§V åhUVmo. eoVH$è`m§Zm Amnë`m CËnmXZmMm ^md R>adÊ`mMm A{YH$ma Zmhr nU BVa CÚmoJY§Úm‘Ü`o Amho ho O`d§VÀ`m bjmV Amb§. Vg§M ‘mJUr Am{U nwadR>m `mMm ‘oi gmYU§hr H$R>rU hmoV§. åhUyZM Ë`mZo eoVrÀ`m CËnmXZmbm Mm§Jbm CR>md {‘iÊ`mgmR>r "Amo ^mOrdmbo S>m°Q> H$m°‘' hr do~gmB©Q> gwê$ Ho$br. `m do~gmB©Q>‘wio eoVH$è`m§Zm goÐt` CËnmXZ§ {dH$U§ gmon§ Pmb§. Va Vo {dH$V KoUmè`m J«mhH$m§gmR>r {dH$V KoU§ hr {VVH$M gmo`rM§ Pmb§. H$maU goÐt` ^mOrnmbm ZH$H$s Hw$R>o {‘iV ho Ë`m§Zm ‘m{hV ZìhV§. eoVr H$aU§ AdKS> Amho H$s ZmoH$ar `m àým§M CÎma XoVmZm O`d§V åhUVmo H$s, XmoÝhr joÌ {^Þ Amho. EH$mV ~m¡{ÕH$ H$g bmJVmo Va XwgarH$So> emar[aH$, Ë`m‘wio XmoÝhr joÌ hr {VVH$sM AmìhmZmË‘H$ AmhoV. "‘mÌ eoVr H$aU§ åhUOo gwÕm EH$ H§$nZr Hw§$nUmda ~gyZ Z amhVm O`d§VZo 2011 gmbr dmSo>JìhmU§ BW§ Amnë`m AmOdaÀ`m {‘iH$VrVyZ VrZ EH$a eoVr KoVbr Am{U Vr H$gm`bm gwadmV Ho$br. BW§ O`d§VZo {df‘wº$ eoVrMm à`moJ Ho$bm. `m H$m‘mV Ë`mbm Ë`mÀ`m H§$nZrZo ewH«$dmaMr gwÅ>r ‘§Oya H$ê$Z ‘mobmMr gmW {Xbr. gmo‘dma Vo Jwédma H§$nZrM§ H$m‘ Va ewH«$dma Vo a{ddma eoVmV Ag§ O`d§VM§ AmR>dS>çmM§ doimnÌH$ Amho. BVa {Xder Ë`mÀ`m eoVrMr amIU BVa eoVH$ar Am{U Ë`mÀ`m eoVmda Agbobm JS>r H$aVmo. O`d§V AmdOy©Z Amnë`m eoVrMm C„oI {df‘wº$ eoVr Agm H$aVmo, H$maU Ë`mÀ`m ‘Vo g|Ðr` eoVr gmYr gaigmoQ> Zmhr. hm {df` Iyn ‘moR>m AgyZ Ë`mV doJdoJio ‘Vàdmh AmhoV. goÐt` eoVr H$am`Mr ho R>adë`mZ§Va nwÊ`mÀ`m Amgnmg g|{Ð` eoVr H$aUmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m Ë`mZo ^oQ>rJmR>r KoVë`m. Á`oð> H¥$frVk AmË‘mam‘ H$mnao `mM§ ‘mJ©Xe©Zhr KoVb§. H$mnUr, ’$dmaUr, ^mÁ`m CnQ>U§ Aer eoVmVbr gJir H$m‘ O`d§V ñdV: H$aVmo. eoVH$è`m§Zm drOoÀ`m doimnÌH$mZwgma Bco³Q´>m°{Z³g {df¶mV ~r.B©. Am{U B©-{~PZog {df¶mV E‘. ~r. E. Ho$cocm O¶d§V nmQ>rc Joë¶m VrZ dfmªnmgyZ dmS>oJìhmU ¶oWo ^mOrnmë¶mMr g|{ж eoVr H$aV Amho. {Vcm Vmo {df‘w³V eoVr åhUVmo. eoVr hr ˶mMr "n°eZ' Amho. 121 121 {Xdmir 2014 {Xdmir 2014

3. R>adbm. goÐt` eoVr H$ê$Z CËnmXZj‘Vm Am{U JwUdÎmm H$er dmT>dVm `oVo `mMm AmXe©hr O`d§VZo dmSo>JìhmU BWë`m BVa eoVH$è`m§Zm KmbyZ {Xbm Amho. BWë`m AZoH$ eoVH$è`m§er Ë`mMr ‘¡Ìr Pmbr Amho Am{U doiàg§Jr Vo O`d§VÀ`m ‘XVrbmhr YmdyZ OmVmV. BWbo AZoH$ eoVH$ar O`d§VÀ`m dmQ>oda MmbÊ`mg BÀNy>H$ AmhoV. Ho$di eoVH$arM Zmhr Va Ë`mMo ghH$mar Am{U {‘Ì-‘¡{ÌUtZrhr eoVr H$aÊ`mMm CËgmh XmIdbm. BWë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm O`d§V amoOÀ`m Jßnm Jmoï>tÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ goÐt` eoVr Am{U Ë`mÀ¶m ‘mH}$qQ>JMo YSo> XoVmo Amho. eoVr H$aVmZm O`d§Vbm AZoH$ AS>MUr Amë`m nU Ë`mMm ~mD$ Ë`mZo H$YrM Ho$bm Zmhr H$maU AS>MUr gJirH$So>M `oVmV Ag§ Vmo åhUVmo. eoV‘Oya Am{U Mm§Jb§ {~`mU§ {‘iU§, AdH$mir nS>Umam nmD$g, ~XbUma§ hdm‘mZ Aem AZoH$ AS>MUtZm O`d§VbZom I§~ranUo Vm|S> {Xb§ Amho. `m‘wioM eoVr ho joÌ A{Z{üV Zmhr dmQ>V H$m? `m àýmda O`d§V åhUVmo A{Z{üVVm hr gd©M joÌmV Amho. eoVrV Xa AmR>dS>çmbm ZdrZ g‘ñ`m C^r amhVo nU ‘r ‘mÂ`m Hw$dVrZwgma Ë`mÀ`mda VmoS>Jm H$mT>Vmo. eoVmV H$m‘ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ‘Oya {‘iUo hr Va gJù`mV ‘moR>r g‘ñ`m. nU hr g‘ñ`m O`d§VZo AJXr ghOVoZo gmoS>dbr. dmSo>JìhmU BW§ O`d§V ZdrZ Agë`mZo gwadmVrbm eoV‘Oya Ë`mÀ`mH$So> H$m‘ H$am`bm `oV ZìhVo. nU O`d§Vbm Á`m H$mhr eoV‘Oya ‘{hbm {‘imë`m Ë`m§Zm ^oQ> dñVy XoÊ`mMr Ë`mZo e¸$b bT>dbr. AmR>dS>çmÀ`m eodQ>r gJù`m§À`m ZmdmÀ`m {MÇ>çm H$am`À`m Am{U {OÀ`m ZmdmMr {MÇ>r {ZKob Ë`m ~mB©bm N>moQ>rer nU g§gma Cn`moJr ^oQ>dñVy Úm`Mr. `m‘wio O`d§VMm eoV‘Oya ~m`H$m§Mm àý H$m`‘Mm {ZH$mbmV {ZKmbm. AmVm Ë`m ~m`H$m CËgHw$VonmoQ>r O`d§Vbm AmdOy©Z {dMmaVmV, H$m` nmQ>rb gmho~ `m AmR>dS>çmbm H$m` XoUma? BVa eoVH$è`m§à‘mUo AdH$mir nmdgm‘wio hmoUma§ ZwH$gmZhr O`d§VZo AZw^db§ Amho. EH$Xm Va eoVmV P|Sy>Mr H$mT>Ur Pmbr hmoVr. P|Sy> H$mTy>Z Vmo CKS>çmdaM R>odbm hmoVm. Xwgè`m eoVmVbm P|Sy> H$mT>ʶmM§ H$m‘ gwê$ hmoV§. XmoZ eoVmVb§ A§Va gmYmaU EH$ {H$bmo‘rQ>a. Xwgè`m eoVmVb§ P|Sy> H$mT>Ê`mM§ H$m‘ gwê$ AgVmZm nmD$g gwê$ Pmbm Am{U O`d§V OrdmÀ`m AmH$m§VmZo P|Sy> H$mTy>Z R>odboë`m eoVmH$So> nimbm nU XwX£dmZo Vmo WmoS>mgmM P|Sy> dmMdy eH$bm. ‘mbmÀ`m ^mdmV hmoUmè`m MT>- CVmam‘wio AZoH$Xm eoVH$ar Ooarg `oVmV. O`d§VZo KoVbob§ n{hb§ d{hb§ nrH$ åhUOo P|Sy>cm gmYaUV: Xgam {Xdmir Xaå`mZ Mm§Jbm ^md {‘iVmo. nU O`d§VÀ`m ~m~VrV ‘mÌ CbQ>M§ KS>b§. O`d§VZo P|Sy> H$mTy>Z Vmo ‘mH}$Q>`mS©>‘Ü`o {dH$m`bm Zobm. amÌr Xhm Vo gH$mir ghm dmOon`ªV {VWo Wm§~yZhr EH$m {H$bmobm gmYm Xhm én`m§Mmhr ^md {‘imbm Zmhr. nU `m‘wio O`d§V {Zame Pmbm Zmhr. Ë`mZo hm MT>- CVmamMm IoiM ZH$mo åhUyZ goÐt` {nH§$ KoUmè`m H§$nÝ`m§er g§nH©$ gmYyZ Ë`m§À`m ‘mJÊ`m§ZwgmaM Vmo AmVm eoVmV {nH$ gm§^miÊ`mgmaI§M Amho', Ag§ O`d§V åhUVmo. H$maU BW§ hr ñdV:‘Yë`m ‘°ZO‘oÝQ> pñH$bMm H$g bmJVmo. eoVr H$aVmZm eoVrVb§ ~OoqQ>J, ßb°qZJ Am{U ‘mH}$qQ>J gJi§ H$amd§ bmJV§. åhUOo Pmbr H$s EH$ H§$nZr C^r Am{U H§$nZrMo ‘mbH$ AmnU ñdV:M AgVmo. O`d§VÀ`m `m AmJù`m doJù`m à`ËZm§Zm I§~ra gmW {Xbr Vr Ë`mÀ`m KaÀ`m§Zr. ‘mÌ O`d§VMm eoVr H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` gJù`m§gmR>r {VVH$mM Y¸$mXm`H$ hmoVm. eoVrMr Hw$R>brhr nmœ©^y‘r ZgVmZm hm {ZU©` KoU§ ehmUnUmM§ R>ab§ ZgV§, nU O`d§VÀ`m eoVrÀ`m n°eZ‘wio O`d§V eoVr Z¸$s H$aob hm {dœmg KaÀ`m§‘Ü`o {Z‘m©U Pmbm. O`d§VMr nËZr gaH$mar é½Umb`mV S>m°ŠQ>a Amho Am{U {VZohr O`d§Vcm `m Zì`m à`moJmV ‘mobmMr gmW {Xbr. eoVr H$aÊ`mMm {ZU©` KoVë`mZ§Vahr O`d§VZr AmnbmM {ZU©` nwÝhm nwÝhm AmO‘mdyZ nhm`bm. hr Ho$di AmdS> Amho, H$r AmH$f©U ho àý ñdV:bm Vmo nwÝhm nwÝhm {dMmamV am{hbm Am{U àË`oH$ doir Ë`mM ‘Z Ë`mbm gm§Jm`M§, ho n°eZ Amho. KaMr eoVr ZgVmZm, Ë`m~Ôb H$mhrhr ‘m{hVr ZgVmZm eoVr H$aÊ`mM§ AmìhmZmË‘H$ H$m‘ O`d§VZo H$ê$Z XmIdb§. ""eoVrZo ‘bm H$m` {eH$db§ Va noeÝg, Oo AmOÀ`m `wdm{nT>rV H$‘r Amho. {ZgJm©À`m Odi Joë`m{edm` Vmo Vwåhmbm H$m` {eH$dVmo ho Vwåhmbm H$iUma Zmhr. eoVrVyZ ‘bm Zd{Z{‘©VrMm AmZ§X {‘iVmo'' Ag§ O`d§V åhUVmo. gwadmVrbm O`d§VÀ`m Amgnmg AgUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zm O`d§VÀ`m eoVr H$aÊ`m~Ôb ImÌr ZìhVr. nwÊ`mhÿZ Ambobm EH$ Vê$U Am`Q>r B§{OZ`a `m S>m|Jami O{‘ZrV H$m` H$aUma hm JmdH$è`m§Mm {dœmg O`d§VÀ`m goÐt` eoVrZo ImoQ>m H$mnUr, ’$dmaUr, ^mÁ`m CnQ>U§ Aer eoVmVbr gJir H$m‘ O`d§V ñdV: H$aVmo. eoVH$è`m§Zm drOoÀ`m doimnÌH$mZwgma eoVrbm nmUr XoÊ`mgmR>r amÌr AnamÌr eoVmV Omd§ bmJV§ Am{U AmVm O`d§VÀ`mhr ho Mm§Jb§M A§JdiUr nS>b`. amÌr AnamÌr eoVmV nmUr ^am`bm Omd§ bmJV Agë`m‘wio AmVm H$emMrM ^rVr Cabr Zmhr Ag§ O`d§V åhUVmo. 122 {Xdmir 2014

4. ""eoVrZo ‘bm H$m` {eH$db§ Va noeÝg, Oo AmOÀ`m `wdm{nT>rV H$‘r Amho. {ZgJm©À`m Odi Joë`m{edm` Vmo Vwåhmbm H$m` {eH$dVmo ho Vwåhmbm H$iUma Zmhr. eoVrVyZ ‘bm Zd{Z{‘©VrMm AmZ§X {‘iVmo'' Ag§ O`d§V åhUVmo. ^mOrnmë`mdaMr H$rS> ‘H$m qH$dm A§~mS>rda OmVo Am{U ‘w»` nrH$ dmMV§. Aer AZoH$ {‘lrV {nH§$ KoD$Z eoVH$è`m§Zr H$mhr I~aXmarMo Cnm` KoVbo Va Ë`m§M§ ZwH$gmZ Z¸$sM H$‘r hmoB©b. nU Zâ`mÀ`m ‘mJo YmdUmè`m eoVH$è`m§À`m ho bjmVM `oV Zmhr. gwadmVrbm Zm§Jahr ZrQ> Z YaVm `oUmam, eoVrÀ`m doJdoJù`m AdOmam§‘Ybm ’$aH$hr Z H$iUmam O`d§V AmVm hmS>mMm eoVH$ar Pmbm Amho. dmSo>JìhmU JmdmVë`m eoVH$è`m§Zm goqÐ` eoVrÀ`m dmQ>oda AmUyZ dmSo>JìhmUbm {Pamo ~OoQ> eoVrM§ ‘m°So>b H$aÊ`mM§ O`d§VM§ ñdßZ Amho. OmJ{VH$rH$aUmÀ`m amS>çmV Amnë`m O{‘Zr {dHy$Z ehamH$So> ñWbm§Va H$aUmè`m AZoH$ `wdH$m§gmR>r O`d§VZo doJim AmXe© {Z‘m©U Ho$bm Amho. `mM nmœ©^y‘rda Ibrb YZVoOdr `m§À`m `m Amoir A{Ve` g‘n©H$ dmQ>VmV. ""AnZo IoVmo go ~rN>S>Zo H$s gOm nmVm hÿ§, A~ ‘¢ ameZ H$s H$Vmam| ‘o§ ZOa AmVm hÿ§ &'' KoVmo. `m H§$nÝ`m§Mo Xa ho R>abobo AgVmV. Aem AZoH$ AS>MUr Amë`m Var ‘mKma KoÊ`mÀ`m {dMmam§Zr Ë`mÀ`m ‘Zmbm H$YrM ñne© Ho$bm Zmhr. `mVyZM eoVr~Ôb Agbobr AmñWm {XgyZ `oVo. g|Ðr` eoVr H$aÊ`mMo AZoH$ ’$m`Xo AmhoV O{‘ZrMm nmoV Am{U Amamo½` gwYmaVo, O{‘ZrMr Yyn Wm§~Vo, O{‘ZrMr XþîH$mimer gm‘Zm H$aÊ`mMr j‘Vm dmT>Vo Am{U {nH§$hr Omo‘mZo dmT>VmV. CbQ> amgm`{ZH$ H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mm A{Vdmna H$ê$Z O{‘ZrMm nmoV Va ImbmdVmoM nU Aer {nH§$ Amamo½`mbm hr YmoH$mXm`H$ R>aVmV. naXoemV R>am{dH$ ‘mÌon`ªV H$sQ>H$ZmeH§$ dmnaÊ`mMr ‘w^m Amho. Amnë`mH$So> ‘mÌ Zmhr åhUyZM A{bH$So>M `wamonr`Z ‘hmg§KmZo H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§M§ à‘mU ‘`m©Xonojm OmñV Agë`mZo ^maVmVë`m H$mhr ^mÁ`m§À`m Am`Vrda ~§Xr KmVbr. `m nmœ©^y‘rda O`d§VZo {ZdS>bobr hr dmQ> AZoH$m§gmR>r àoaUmXm`r R>amdr. g|Ðt` eoVrÀ`m dmQ>oda Mmbm`M§` åhQ>ë`mda Ë`mZo O¡{dH$ IV§ Am{U H$rQ>H$ZmeH§$ H$er V`ma H$am`Mr hohr {eHy$Z KoVb§. hr IV§ Am{U H$rQ>H$ZmeH§$ O`d§V ñdV: V`ma H$aVmo. Ooìhm eoVmV O`d§VZo n{hë`m§Xm VmJmM§ CËnmXZ KoVb§ Voìhm amI, eoU, Jmo‘yÌ, {b§~moirM§ {‘lU H$ê$Z ’$dmaUr Ho$br. amIoV nm°Q>re°`‘ OmñV Agë`mZo VmJmMr nmÊ`mMm VmU ghZ H$aÊ`mMr j‘Vm dmT>br Am{U H$‘r nmÊ`mVhr VmJmM§ nrH$ Mm§Jb§ Amb§. b‘rV, Ordm‘¥V Aem AZoH$ goÐt` nÕVr O`d§VZo dmnaë`m. `mV Jmo‘yÌ Am{U JmB©M§ eoU ‘hÎdmMo KQ>H$ AmhoV `mgmR>r Ë`mÀ`mH$So> VrZ Jra JmB©hr AmhoV Á`m Ë`mbm BgH$m°ZZo {Xë`m AmhoV. ~XbV§ {ZgJ©MH«$ Am{U T>Jmi dmVmdaUmV eoVH$è`m§M§ ’$ma ZwH$gmZ hmoV§ nU Oa VoM eoVH$ar g§oÐr` eoVr H$aV AgVrb Va hmoUma§ ZwH$gmZ Vo Q>miy eH$VmV, Ag§ O`d§V åhUVmo. H$maU goÐt` eoVr hr Pramo ~OoQ> eoVr AgVo. amgm`{ZH$ eoVrV eoVH$ar H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§da bmImo én`o IM© H$aVmV, Ë`m‘wio Ë`m§Mm ^m§S>dbr IM© dmT>Vmo. `m{edm` eoVH$è`m§M§ ZwH$gmZ hmoÊ`mMr H$maU§ AZoH$ AmhoV. eoVH$ar EH$mM EH$amV EH$M nrH$ KoVmV Ë`m‘wio Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr AmoT>dbr H$s eoVH$è`mM§ gJiM g§nyZ OmV§. nU Oa EImX§ nrH§$ KoVmZm Ë`mÀ`m~amo~a AmUIr Xwga§ nrH$ KoVb§ Va O{‘ZrMr nVhr gwYmaVo Am{U nrH$m§Zm hmoUmam {H$S>rMm YmoH$mhr H$‘r g§^mdVmo. ^mOrnmë`mgmo~V Oa ‘H$m qH$~m A§~mS>rM§ nrH$ KoVb§ Va ñdßZmbr A^§J swapnaliabhang@gmail.com dJ©UrXmam§Zm AmdmhZ gmßVm{hH$ "nwUo nmoñQ>'À¶m dJ©UrXmam§Zr AmOda Am‘À¶mda {dídmg XmIdyZ Amåhmcm àmoËgmhZ {Xco Amho. ‘mJrc dfu nwUo nmoñQ>Zo Mma {deofm§H$ à{gÕ Ho$co hmoVo. ˶m§Zm dmMH$m§Mm CËñ’y$V© à{VgmX {‘imcm. ¶mdfu à˶oH$ ‘{hݶmV EH$ ¶mà‘mUo Amåhr A§H$ àH$m{eV Ho$co. ˶mcmhr dmMH$m§Zr XmX {Xcr. nwUo nmoñQ> gwê$ H$aVmZm AZoH$m§Zr Amåhmcm g~warMm g„m {Xcm hmoVm. AdKS> H$m‘ Amåhr hmVr KoVc§ Agë¶mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z {Xcr hmoVr. na§Vw gwê$ Ho$coc§ H$m‘ ~§X Z H$aVm YramZo nwT>o Mmcy R>odʶmMm Amåhr dgm KoVcm Amho, Vmo Amåhr nmiy. Á¶m dJ©UrXmam§Zr dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur Ho$cr, ˶m§Zm Amåhr gwê$dmVrcmM gm§{JVco, H$s gwê$dmVrcm à˶oH$ AmR>dS>çmV Oar Vwåhmcm A§H$ {‘imcm Zmhr, Var Vw‘Mr dJ©Ur df©^amV g§nUma Zmhr. 45 A§H$mZ§VaM Amncr dJ©Ur g§noc. Vmon¶ªV A§H$ {‘iVM amhVrc. A§H$mMm A{Z¶{‘VnUmMr Vm§{ÌH$ Amho. ¶m Vm§{ÌH$ ÌwQ>r Amåhr ‘Yë¶m H$mimV Xÿa Ho$ë¶m AmhoV. ¶mnwT>o dmMH$m§Zm ˶mMm H$‘rV H$‘r Ìmg hmoB©c. ¶mMr Amåhr emídVr XoVmo. - ì¶dñWmnH$s¶ g§nmXH$ 123 {Xdmir 2014