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Carbon and Organic Compounds

Carbon and Organic Compounds. Begin with “introduction to cells”. Section 1: Carbon Atoms and Covalent Bonds. Special Bonding properties of carbon: Mostly always form covalent bonds Not very reactive 4 outer electrons.

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Carbon and Organic Compounds

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  1. Carbon and Organic Compounds Begin with “introduction to cells”

  2. Section 1: Carbon Atoms and Covalent Bonds Special Bonding properties of carbon: • Mostly always form covalent bonds • Not very reactive • 4 outer electrons

  3. Allotropes of Carbon:Allotropes: various formations an element takes when forming molecules 3 Allotropes of Carbon: Diamond Bucky Balls Graphite

  4. Carbon Nanotubes: Tube structures made from the carbon atoms. (video for tubes)

  5. Organic Compounds: Large class of compounds whose molecules contain carbon. Hydrocarbons: Compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon.

  6. Types of Hydrocarbons:

  7. 1) Alkanes: Strands of carbon hydrogen molecules that contain only single bonds ***These compounds are called saturated because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.***

  8. 2) Alkenes: Hydrocarbons that have at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. Examples: Ethene or Ethylene that is used to make plastics and antifreeze (ethylene glycol)

  9. 3) Alkyne: Hydrocarbons that have at least one triple bond. Examples: C2H2 (acetylene used for oxyacetylene torches) ***Alkenes and Alkynes are unsaturated because double and triple bonds block bonding locations that could be used for hydrogen's.***

  10. 4) Cycloalkane: Ring structures with only single bonds 5) Benzene: Ring structures with double bonds

  11. Hydrocarbon Properties There are no polarities therefore there are no strong intermolecular attractions. • Smaller chains will have low boiling and melting points • Larger hydrocarbons will have higher boiling points. • Larger hydrocarbons will be gases or liquids • Very reactive

  12. Isomers: Compounds with the same number and types of atoms but differing geometric arrangements

  13. Isomers for Octane (fuel) Fuel comes in 18 different isomers and is also called iso-octane because of this blend. Octane rating are based on the percentage of octane to heptane example 90 ml Oct / 10 ml hetp = 90 rating. We use a lab rating RON and MON (research octane rating Australia and EU & lab octane rating US)

  14. Hydrocarbon Nomenclature

  15. Crude Oil and Hydrocarbons

  16. Chevron Richmond Refinery

  17. Crude Oil Distillation • http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=jk0WrtA8_T8

  18. Fractional Distillation: (pg 713) Separation of oil by boiling points Process: • Crude oil is heated. • Heated oil is passed through regions “bubblers” set to specific temperatures that condense specific fuels based on their boiling points.

  19. Cracking: Controlled process to breaking larger hydrocarbons into smaller more usable molecules. • Types of Cracking: • Thermal • Catalytic • Steam • Hydro

  20. Making Essential Oils https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cz_jYx4dF0U

  21. Classwork and Homework Section 1 worksheet Pg 701 (7-12) Pg 703 (13-16) Pg 715 (30 – 36)

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