Section 11-1 and 11-2

1. Section 11-1 and 11-2 Imperialism & Colonialism

2. Types of Imperialism • Methods of Management • Direct Control • Paternalism – Europeans provide for local people but grant no rights • Assimilation – adaptation of local people to ruling culture • Indirect Control • Limited self-rule for local governments • Legislative body includes colonial & local officials

3. Africa before European Domination • Imperialism – when a larger more powerful country dominates political, economic, and social life of weaker countries • Africans controlled most of the trade in Africa • European nations were concentrated on the coast, the interior of Africa was not controlled by Europeans

4. Reasons for Imperialism • European nations needed raw materials • Europeans thought that they were superior to peoples (racism) • Social Darwinism led Europeans to believe that is was their right & duty to bring their culture and society to other parts of the World • Religion – missionaries wanted to spread Christianity

5. The Berlin Conference • 1884 – 1885 • Meeting in which the European powers agreed upon the division of Africa • Any nation could claim African nations as long as they notified the Europeans and could control the area • No Africans leaders were invited nor allowed at the conference

6. Effects of European Imperialism in Africa

7. Factors Promoting Imperialism • Technological superiority (weapons, steam power, gas power & the maxim gun 1st automatic machine gun) • Steam engines allowed Europeans to explore & navigate African rivers • The drug quinine protected Europeans from malaria • The vast variety of cultures and language in Africa kept Africans from forming any sort of united front against Europeans

8. Types of Imperialism • Forms of Control • Colony • Governed by a foreign power • Protectorate • Governs itself, but under outside control • Sphere of Influence • Outside power controls investments & trading • Economic Imperialism • Private business interests assert control

9. South Africa • Three Groups Clash for Power • Africans • Zulu nation, led by Shaka, fought the British • Zulu nation lost to British in 1887 • Boers • Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid 1600s • Also known as Afrikaners • British • Gained control of South Africa after the Berlin Conference • Winston Churchill gained fame during this time

10. Boer War • Fought between the Boers and the British • Many Africans fought with the Boers • First example of “total war” • British win in 1910 • Established the Union of South Africa (British Rule)

11. African Resistance • Africans Confront Imperialism • Broad resistance, but Europeans have superior weapons • Unsuccessful Movements • Algeria fights the French for 50 years • German East Africa resistance results in 75,000 deaths • Successful Movements • Ethiopia under Emperor Menelik II • Plays Europeans against each other • Stockpiles modern weapons • Defeats Italy and remains independent

12. Legacy of Imperialism • Negative Effects • Africans lose land and independence • Many lives are lost • Traditional cultures breakdown • Division of Africa creates problems that continue today • Positive Effects • Reduces local fighting • Sanitation improves • Hospitals and schools created • Technology brings economic growth