INFINITIVE – TOO/ENOUGH - `-ING’ FORM

1. INFINITIVE – TOO/ENOUGH - `-ING’ FORM

2. Can you bear not knowing what a bare infinitive is?

3. Two kinds of infinitive • Bare infinitive • To-infinitive

4. Two kinds of infinitive • Bare infinitive e.g. stay, go • To-infinitive e.g. to stay, to go

5. Use the bare infinitive • After modal verbs, e.g. • After the verbs `let’ and `make’

6. Use the bare infinitive • After modal verbs, e.g. can, must etc. • After the verbs `let’ and `make’ • Let Bill go home early • Make them sit down

7. He said, `I will not go!’ • He refused ___________________

8. He said, `I will not go!’ • He refused to go

9. Jack will see you. He’ll be glad about that Make this one sentence: Jack will be glad ______________

10. Jack will see you. He’ll be glad about that Make this one sentence: Jack will be glad to see you

11. He can operate the computer. Rewrite the sentence He knows ___________________

12. He can operate the computer. Rewrite the sentence He knows how to operate the computer

13. It’s very cold so we can’t go outside It’s too cold____________

14. It’s very cold so we can’t go outside It’s too cold to go outside

15. Tom’s clever. He can solve this problem Make this into one sentence: Tom is clever enough ______________

16. Tom’s clever. He can solve this problem Make this into one sentence: Tom is clever enough to solve this problem

17. This box is very heavy. Tom cannot lift it This box is too heavy _________________

18. This box is very heavy. Tom cannot lift it This box is too heavy for Tom to lift

19. Tom is not very strong. He cannot move the box. • Use `enough’ to make one sentence • Tom is not strong ____________________

20. Tom is not very strong. He cannot move the box. • Use `enough’ to make one sentence • Tom is not strong enough to move the box

21. There is a lot of space. Everyone can come in. There is enough space _________________________

22. There is a lot of space. Everyone can come in. There is enough space for everyone to come in

23. We can use the `-ing’ form • As a noun (either subject or object) • Speaking English is easy • I suggested speaking English • He began collecting stamps • After prepositions • This book is about fishing • I’m tired of doing the same thing every day • I’m looking forward to meeting him (The `to’ is a preposition, not part of an infinitive) • After preposition + noun (Remember for ERS!!) • This story is about a man finding buried treasure

24. Uses of `ing’-form • After the verb `go’ when we talk about activities • Let’s go running • They used to go pig sticking at the weekends • After special phrases like: it’s no use, be busy, it’s (not) worth etc. • It’s no use shouting to him. He’s too far away to hear.

25. Some verbs can be used with EITHER the `-ing’ form OR with the to -infinitive • start • He started to make a strange noise • He started making a strange noise • begin • continue • like • love • prefer • hate

26. With some verbs, the meaning with the infinitive is different from the meaning with the infinitive. • I forgot to take my medicine • I forgot taking my medicine

27. Some can only be used with the `ing’-form • avoid • admit • confess • deny • regret • suggest (Careful! Everyone in HK gets this wrong!) • enjoy • dislike • mind • Would you mind answering a few questions?

28. Some verbs and expressions are only used with the to-infinitive • decide • I decided to take the later train • expect • want • would like • would prefer

29. Finally, with verbs of seeing, hearing and feeling, there is a difference between the meaning with object + bare infinitive and object plus `ing’-form • I saw him crossing the street • I saw him cross the street

30. Finally, with verbs of seeing, hearing and feeling, there is a difference between the meaning with object + bare infinitive and object plus `ing’-form • I saw him crossing the street (crossing is an action in progress) • I saw him cross the street (crossing is a completed action)