Understanding Chemistry: Matter, Elements, Compounds & Bonds

1. Chemistry This Powerpoint is hosted on www.worldofteaching.com Please visit for 100’s more free powerpoints More free powerpoints at www.worldofteaching.com

2. Matter What is Matter? Where is Matter made? Matter = any material substance with Mass, Density & Volume

3. Solid Gas Liquid Matter comes in 3 phases

4. Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume

5. Liquid Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Definite Volume

6. Gas Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Indefinite Volume – can expand and be compressed

7. Elements one of the 100+ pure substances that make up everything in the universe

8. H = Hydrogen Na = Sodium Ca = Calcium C = Carbon K = Potassium O = Oxygen I = Iodine N = Nitrogen Cl = Chlorine S = Sulfur P = Phosphorus Examples of Elements

9. C. Elements • All matter is composed of elements • Substances that cannot be broken into simple substances by chemical means 46.6% Oxygen (O)27.7% Silicon (Si)8.1% Aluminum (Al)5.0% Iron (Fe)3.6% Calcium (Ca)2.8% Sodium (Na)2.6% Potassium (K)2.1% Magnesium (Mg) Most Common Elements in Earth’s Crust

10. Atom the smallest particle making up elements How Small Is an Atom??

11. Bohr Model

12. Sub-atomic Particles Protons p+ - positive charge, in nucleus Neutrons n0 – no charge, in nucleus Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting nucleus

13. Periodic Table Cheat Sheet: • Atomic Number = # of protons • Atomic mass= # of protons & neutrons • Electrons= same # of protons (for stable elements)

14. 6 Atomic # C 12.011 Atomic Mass Drawing an Atom of Carbon = # of p+ and # of e- Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e- minus Atomic # = # of n0 Carbon has 6 n0

15. e- e- 6 p+ 6 n0 e- e- e- e- Drawing an Atom of Carbon

16. E. Compounds • A substance made of atoms combined in a fixed proportion. Ex. H – H – O = water Ex. H2O + Na = Saltwater

17. Reading Chemical Compounds How many different elements? H2O How many total atoms? NaCl H2SO4 Be(OH)2

18. Compounds Compounds - 2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties Properties– The way a chemical substance looks and behaves

19. H + O H2O = O H H Compounds Compounds – are made of 2 or more different atoms combined to form Molecules Chemical formula lists the number of different atoms in a single molecule Structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a single molecule

20. H H C C O C6H12O6 H H H C C H O H O H O H O H C C Chemical formula H O H Structural formula Molecules Glucose Sugar

21. Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds or Compounds • usually don’t contain Carbon • generally come from the earth • generally simple molecules • always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S & P • originate in organisms • generally complex molecules

22. H + O = H2O = Water H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide Na + Cl = NaCl = Common Table Salt Examples of Inorganic Compounds

23. Carbohydrates = Sugars, starches & cellulose C, H + O C, H + O Lipids = Fats & Oils C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S Proteins C, H, O, N, + P Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA Examples of Organic Compounds

25. PT Interactive

26. D. Isotopes 1. Definition: Atoms of the same number of protons, different number of neutrons Ex. Carbon-12 & Carbon-14 2. Useful because they decay at a specific rate. -tells us the age of a rock or fossil

27. 1.Atom attraction a. Atoms in their normal state have an equal # of protons & electrons. b. Said to be “stable” 2. Ion a. An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons becoming either more positively or negatively charged

28. 3. Ionic Bonds- electrons are transferred 4. Covalent bonds-electrons are shared http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjge1WdCFPs&feature=related

29. 1. When an atom gains or loses an electron it is now called an ____. Ion

30. 2. How many different elements are in the following compound? (CH3)2CO Answer- 3

31. 3. How many total atoms are in the following compound? (CH3)2CO Answer- 10

32. 4. The atomic number tells how many ____________ are in the element. protons

33. 5. What type of chemically bonding involves the sharing of electrons? Covalent

34. What is your stone?

35. Chemistry Diga, diga, diga, diga, that’s all folks!