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Child Abuse

Child Abuse. Perry C. Hanavan. A Family Guide for Substance Abuse. Child Abuse.

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Child Abuse

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  1. Child Abuse Perry C. Hanavan

  2. A Family Guide for Substance Abuse

  3. Child Abuse • The physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child’s welfare under circumstances which indicated that the child’s health or welfare is harmed or threatened thereby (Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974)

  4. Types of Abuse • Sexual • Physical • Emotional • Neglect

  5. Reporting Abuse • Laws in each state require school personnel and child care staff to report • No states require proof of abuse prior to reporting • Must report suspicions of maltreatment • Teachers and others who report in good faith are immune from legal action

  6. Schools & Defense Against Abuse • Serve as a referral agency to child protection agencies—reporting suspected abuse as required by law • Serve as an educational institution offering parent education, family-life education, and home visitations to adults and students • Serve as a support system for families and as a collaborator with other agencies in providing a total protection system

  7. Who Reports Abuse • 70% of children abused probably come in contact with schools or child care centers • In 2002, more than one-half (57 percent) of all reports made to CPS agencies came from professionals who came in contact with the child. • Teachers (16 percent of all reports); • legal, law enforcement, and criminal justice personnel (16 percent); • social services workers (13 percent); and • medical personnel (8 percent) were the most frequent sources of reports.

  8. Abuse Stats • Each week, child protective services (CPS) agencies throughout the United States receive more than 50,000 reports of suspected child abuse or neglect. • In 2002, 2.6 million reports concerning the welfare of approximately 4.5 million children were made. • Neglect (60 percent) meaning a caretaker failed to provide for the child's basic needs. • physical abuse (nearly 20 percent) • sexual abuse (10 percent) • Emotional abuse (7 percent) which includes criticizing, rejecting, or refusing to nurture a child. • Nearly four children die every day as a result of child abuse or neglect (1,400 in 2002).

  9. National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect • NCCAN was created in 1974 by public law • NCCAN disseminates information via the Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect • http://nccanch.acf.hhs.gov

  10. Victims • 51% White • 25% African Americans • 15% Hispanic • 2% American Indian/Alaskan Natives • 1% Asian/Pacific Islanders

  11. Victims • Reduces with age • 15.7 per 1000 birth to three years of age • 5.7 per 1000 16 to 16 years of age • Gender • Physical and emotional abuse similar for males and females • Sexual abuse, four times as many females

  12. Who Abuses Children? • 84% abused by parents • Mothers responsible for: • 32% of physical abuse • 47% of neglect • Fathers responsible for: • 22% of sexual abuse • Non-relatives responsible for: • 29% of sexual abuse

  13. Factors in Child Abuse • Parents with potential to abuse • Usually had deprived childhoods • Lacked consistent loving nurturing environment when young • Have a poor self-image • Spouses passive and perhaps unable to provide emotional support needed • Family may have isolated themselves and have little support from others and the community • Have poor expectations of children as they do not understand child development • Parents who regard a children as different • Includes children with disabilities • Stress situations that brings on a crisis • Usually precipitating factor prior to abusive act that sets the stage for parent to lose control

  14. Neglect • Child neglect occurs when there is failure to care for the child’s basic needs • Most frequently reported abuse • Emotional neglect: refusal to provide psychological help when child is in need or allowing child to be exposed to abuse by others • Physical neglect: may include medical neglect, abandonment, or preventing runaway to return home (these result in child’s inability to develop fully) • Educational neglect: occurs when parents permit truancy, fail to ensure child attends school, or meet special education needs

  15. Signs of Abuse

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