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Chap. 3 (Sec . 3 & 4) Ancient China I. Geography: A. China Proper * center of civ . most of population. B. Haung He - Yellow River “River of Sorrows” death & destruction Loess * fine yellow soil Chinese Civ. starts 4000 BC. C. Yangtze River * 2nd major river.
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Chap. 3 (Sec. 3 & 4) Ancient China I. Geography: A. China Proper *center of civ. most of population
B. Haung He - Yellow River “River of Sorrows” death & destruction Loess*fine yellow soil Chinese Civ. starts 4000 BC
D. Middle Kingdom *Chung Kuo Chinese called their land / center of world “China is a sea which salts all rivers that run into it.”
Barbarians *foreigners who couldn't speak Chinese
II. Imperial Age “Age of Dynasties” A. Xia Dynasty *Legendary Sage Emperors 1st Chinese dynasty? 4000 BC Chinese Myths: 1.Pan Ku 1st man *Giant worked 18,000 years create universe Pan Ku
2. Yu the Great *tamed Yellow River introduced irrigation & flood control
3. Empress Si Lingi2650 BC Goddess of Silk invented silk?
4. Hero-Kings (Early Kings) invented marriage, music, & wheel
B. Shang Dynasty 1750 BC - 1122 BC *1st historical dynasty Shang king conquered 1800 city-states 1. Kings absolute power / royal sacrifices cut off heads show power
2. Aristocracy “Warlords” upper class wealth based on land power passed on to family
4. Bureaucracy system of organizing gov. by dept. Ex. Army, Treasury, & Law
5. Wu Ding 1200 BC *greatest Shang King Fu HaoWu Ding’s wife *greatest Shang General
6. Veneration of Ancestors Filial piety duty to family / respect old living & dead united good & bad luck Exemplary Souls on the Bridge to the Pure Land of the West Domain of the First Magistrate.
7. Shang Di *Supreme Emperor god presided over heaven
8. Oracle Bones “Dragon Bones” tell fortunes / record history
9. Shang Achievements Bronzemaking Yoke Lunar Calendar
C. Zhou Dynasty 1122 BC - 256 BC *longest dynasty in Chinese history 1. Wu Wang “Martial King” *defeated Shang King “Sons of Heaven” - nickname Zhou army Xian - Zhou capital city
2. Rites of Zhou Kings: Son of Heaven link bt. gods & humanity Mandate of Heaven *power to rule comes from gods rule wisely & just right to revolution overthrow corrupt & evil rulers
3. Confucius lived during Zhou dyn. gov. based on his teachings
4. Dev. of Chou Dynasty Feudal System King granted land Lords own land Peasants work land Iron *most important dev. Plow Fertilizer Jade*link bt. Gods & humanity more precious than gold
Grand Canal *links Yellow & Yangtze Rivers
Book of Odes (Book of Songs) *myths & legends / love poems
D. Period of Warring States 403 BC – 221 BC 7Feudal Lords *battle for control
The Art of War Sun-tzu 512 BC *book on military strategy
The Art of War All war is based on deception. Can you imagine what I would do If I could do all I can? For to win 100 victories in 100 battles is not the acne of skill. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the acne of skill. He who is prudent and lies in wait for an enemy who is not, Will be victorious. If ignorant of your enemy and yourself, you are certain to be in peril. If you know the enemy and know yourself you need not fear the results of a 100 battles. The skillful employer if men will employ the wise man, the brave man, the covetous man, and the stupid man.
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Dynastic Cycle Indv. Leader - defeats rival passes thrown - Dynasty power peaks Decline - problem or disaster Overthrown
E. Qin (Chin) Dynasty 221 BC - 207 BC Qin Shih Huang Ti “Chinese Ceasar” *1st Emperor of China *unified China China*name comes from Dynasty
Great Wall “The Wall of 10 Thousand Li” protect invasion Huns and Mongols 4470 miles original 2600miles long today-25feet high
Terra Cotta Army *clay soldiers *Guard Shi Haungdis tomb
Regime - gov. in power based on legalism (strict rules) Censorate - inspectors check up on gov. officials Eyes & Ears of Emperor