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CONTRACEPTION

CONTRACEPTION. Senior Health. How many teens become pregnant each year (U.S.)?. About 750,000 Majority are unplanned Factors that lead to this… L ack of correct information Belief of the incorrect information Alcohol & Drugs Peer pressure Portrayals of risk-free sex in the media. Facts.

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CONTRACEPTION

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  1. CONTRACEPTION Senior Health

  2. How many teens become pregnant each year (U.S.)? • About 750,000 • Majority are unplanned • Factors that lead to this… • Lack of correct information • Belief of the incorrect information • Alcohol & Drugs • Peer pressure • Portrayals of risk-free sex in the media

  3. Facts • Females can ovulate before their first menstrual period, so a teen can become pregnant before menstruation even starts. • Sperm normally live for 12 to 48 hours inside the female reproductive tract, can live as long as 6 days. • Fertilization is possible even if sexual intercourse occurs during the female’s menstrual period. • Only takes one sperm and one ovum for pregnancy to occur. • Sperm cannot be urinated out of the vagina- urine leaves the body through the urethra.

  4. Forms of Contraception • 4 Forms of Contraception • Behavioral • Barrier • Hormonal • Surgical

  5. Behavioral Methods • Abstinence • Withdrawal • Fertility Awareness

  6. ABSTINENCE • Form of Contraception: • Behavioral • Effectiveness: • 100% • What is it? • Choosing not to engage in sexual intercourse or sex “play” • Advantages: • Only 100% preventative measure against PREGNANCY and STDs • Cost- free

  7. WITHDRAWAL • Form of Contraception: • Behavioral • Effectiveness: • 81% • What is it? • Withdrawing the penis before ejaculation occurs • Disadvantages: • Pre-ejaculate material contains sperm • No protection against STDs • Cost- free

  8. Fertility Awareness – “Calendar Method” • Form: • Behavioral • Effectiveness: • 75% • What is it? • Selecting specific days to have sexual intercourse based on the woman’s menstrual cycle/day of ovulation. • Disadvantages: • Menstrual cycles may vary • Not a spontaneous form of contraception • Cost per calendar kit- $12

  9. Basal Thermometer

  10. Barrier Methods • Devices that prevent fertilization by keeping sperm from reaching the egg. • Blocked or spoiled before uterus • Male Condom • Female Condom • Spermicidal Foam/Jelly • Sponge • Diaphragm & Cervical Cap

  11. MALE CONDOM • Form: • Barrier, OTC (Over The Counter) • Effectiveness: • 86-98% • What is it? • Rubber/latex sheath placed over the penis to collect pre-ejaculate material and semen upon ejaculation. (Some with spermicide) • Advantages: • Provides protection against STDs • Disadvantages: • Incorrect use • Latex allergies • Cost- 1.25

  12. How do you put one of these things on?

  13. FEMALE CONDOM • Form: • Barrier • Effectiveness: • 79% • What is it? • Fits deep into the vagina, ring holds it in place, blocks sperm from entering the vagina. • Advantages: • Provide protection against STDs • Disadvantages: • Difficult to use • Hard to keep in place • Known to be noisy • Cost- $4 each

  14. How do you put one of these things in?

  15. Spermicide (Foam/Jelly) • Form: • Barrier • Effectiveness: • 74% • What is it? • Injected into the vagina before sexual intercourse to immobilize sperm and block them from entering the uterus. • Before 5-90 min, after 6-8 hours • Disadvantages: • No protection against STDs • Messy • Have to use each intercourse act • Should be used with other forms of contraception (condom, diaphragm) • Cost- per tube $8

  16. How do you use this stuff?

  17. SPONGE • Form: • Barrier • Effectiveness • 80% • What is it? • Placed deep into the vagina to block the cervical opening; also contains spermicide. • Remove after 6 hours • Disadvantage: • hard to insert • No protection against STD’s…. • Cost- $15 per 3 pack

  18. DIAPHRAGM & CERVICAL CAP • Form: • Barrier (Prescription) • Effective • 80% • What is it? • Dome-shaped cup with flexible rim; placed deep into vagina to cover cervix • Fitted by a doctor • Advantages: • Can be implanted for up to 24 hours/48 hours • Disadvantages • Difficult to insert • Moves around during sexual intercourse • No protection against STD’s…. • Cost-$ 15-75

  19. Diaphragm

  20. Cervical Cap

  21. FEM CAP

  22. Hormonal Methods-function by suppressing ovulation and preventing fertilization. • Birth Control Pill • The Patch • Vaginal Ring • The Shot • Emergency Contraception • IUD • Implant

  23. BIRTH CONTROL PILL • Form: • Hormonal • Effectiveness: • 95-99% • What is it? • Prevents ovulation • Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus • Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur. • Advantages: • Period regularity • Decreased cramps • Disadvantages: • No protection against STDs • Must take at the same time every day. • Possible weight gain. • Cost- $15-50 per month

  24. THE PATCH • Form: • Hormonal • Effectiveness: • 92-99% • What is it? • Each patch in place for one week; one week without patch – menstruation. • Release hormones through the skin. • Prevents ovulation • Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus • Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur. • Advantages: • Visual reminder that you are using birth control • No need for daily maintenance, good for a week • Disadvantages: • No protection from STDs • Similar to THE PILL • Risk for blood clots

  25. VAGINAL RING/NUVA-RING • Form: • Hormonal • Effectiveness: • 95%-99% • What is it? • Small, flexible ring that releases hormones • In vagina for 3 weeks; removed for 1 week – menstruation • Prevents ovulation • Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus • Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur. • Advantages: • Menstrual Regularity • Disadvantages: • No protection against STDs • Irregular bleeding

  26. THE SHOT/DEPO-PROVERA • Form: • Hormonal • Effective: • 99% • What is it? • Shot will last for 3 months • Prevents ovulation • Thicken cervical mucous to prevent sperm from passing through to uterus • Thins uterine wall to not allow implantation to occur. • Advantages: • No maintenance • Decreased cramping • Disadvantages: • Does not protect against STDs • Takes 12-18 weeks for the shot to “wear off” • Cost- $35-75 per injection

  27. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION – “THE MORNING AFTER PILL”/PLAN B • Form: • Hormonal • Effectiveness: • 80-86% • What is it? • Must be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse • Large dose of progestin and estrogen • Over the counter for 17 years old + • Prevent ovulation if it has not already occurred • Thicken mucous in cervix and thins the wall of the uterus to prevent implantation if an egg has already been fertilized. • Disadvantages: • Does not protect against STDs

  28. INTRA-UNTERINE DEVICE (IUD) • Form: • Barrier/Device/Hormonal • Effectiveness: • 98%-99% • What is it? • Affects the mobility of the sperm • Thickens cervical mucous; thins the lining of the uterus. • Can be in place for 3-7 years. • Disadvantages: • cramping, bleeding between menstrual cycles, No protection against STD’s. • Cost- $500-$1000

  29. BIRTH CONTROL IMPLANT • Form: • Hormonal • Effectiveness: • 99% • What is it? • Hormonal regulation stick implanted into the upper arm that helps to prevent pregnancy • Thickens the cervical mucus/prevents sperm from fertilizing the egg • Disadvantages: • No protection against STDs • Advantages: • Lasts for 3 years/5 years • After removal pregnancy can be quick

  30. Surgical Methods • Tubal Sterilization • Vasectomy

  31. FEMALE STERILIZATION – Tubal Ligation • Form: • Surgical Procedure • Effectiveness: • 99.5% • What is it? • Tying off of the fallopian tubes so the sperm can not reach the egg • Disadvantages: • Does not prevent STDs • PERMANENT!!* • Advantages: • PERMANENT! • Does not decrease sexual desire • Cost- 1500-6000

  32. VASECTOMY • Form: • Surgical Procedure (“lunch time” surgery) • Effectiveness: • 99% • What is it? • Blocks the vas deferens to keep the sperm out of the semen • Disadvantage: • PERMANENT* • Advantages: • Permanent • Does not decrease sexual desire • Cost- $350-1000

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