Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase

4. Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase

5. Early "Bronze Age" 3000 - 1400 BCE

6. The “Bronze” Age Mediterranean Region

7. Bronze Age Greece

8. The Minoans 2200 - 1100 BCE

9. The Minoan World: mid-2M B.C.E.

10. Early Development of Greek Society Minoan Society Island of Crete Major city: Knossos C. 2200 BCE center of maritime trade Scholars unable to decipher Linear A script 10

11. Artist’s Recreation of Knossos

12. Aerial View of Knossos

13. Palace of King Minos – North Entrance

14. Palace of King Minos – Throne Room

15. Minoan Ladies

16. Early GreekGeometrics

17. Palace of King Minos - Interiors

18. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

19. Decline of Minoan Society Series of natural disasters after 1700 BCE Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tidal waves Foreign invasions Foreign domination by 1100 BCE 19

20. The Mycenaeans 2200 - 800 BCE

21. The Mycenaean World: mid-2M B.C.E.

22. Mycenaean Society Indo-European invaders descend through Balkans into Peloponnesus, c. 2200 BCE Influenced by Minoan culture Major settlement: Mycenae Military expansion throughout region 22

23. Aerial View of Mycenae

24. Mycenae Citadel & Reconstuction

25. Lion’s Gate Entrance to Mycenae

26. Approach to the Lion’s Gate

27. Mycenaean Writing System Gained From the Minoans

28. The Trojan War mid-12c BCE

29. Bronze Age Enemies: The Trojan War

30. Homer, the Blind Poet

31. Homer’s Great Epics

32. Chaos in the Eastern Mediterranean Trojan war, c. 1200 BCE Homer’s The Iliad Sequel: The Odyssey Political turmoil, chaos from 1100 to 800 BCE Mycenaean civilization disappears 32

33. Plan of the City of Troy

34. The Mask of Agamemnon In 1870, German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavated a site in this area which he identified as Troy; this claim is nowadays accepted by most scholars as evidence for the battle.

35. Original Wall of the City of Troy

36. Triumphant Achilles dragging Hector's lifeless body in front of the Gates of Troy, 1892

37. The Greek "Dark Ages" 1100 - 750 BCE

38. Migrations in the Aegean Region (DORIANS}

39. "Hellenic" (Classical) Greece: 800 BCE - 323 BCE

40. Greek & Phoenician Colonization: 750-500 BCE

41. The Polis City-state Urban center, dominating surrounding rural areas Highly independent character Monarchies “Tyrannies”, not necessarily oppressive Early Democracies 41

42. The Rise of the Greek Polis Eboea Syracuse Athens Larissa Naxos Corinth

43. The Athens Acropolis Today

44. The Parthenon

45. The Agora

46. One’s polis gave a sense of identity and each individual believed they owed loyalty to their polis. Greeks shared: A common language. The belief that all non-Greek speakers are barbarians. Religion. The Olympics. Common non-Greek enemies. Greek Commonalities

47. Until the 8th century BCE, the government of Greece was a monarchy, with each polis having its own kings. The kings were overthrown by aristocrats, or “best men”, who held power due to their economic supremacy due to owning most of the land. Greek Government

48. By the 7th century BCE, tyrants, or ones who seize power illegally with the people’s support, overthrew the aristocracy. They formed an oligarchy, which is government run by a small powerful business class elite. In 621 BCE, archon (Greek for ruler) Draco created Athens first written laws. The laws were harsh and severe with the death penalty given for even minor offences. In 594 BCE, archon Solon outlawed slavery for debt and freed people who had become slaves to pay debts were freed. He began a foundation of equality that would soon bring democracy. Greek Government

49. Trade and Integration of the Mediterranean Basin Greece: little grain, but rich in olives and grapes Colonies further trade Commerce rather than agriculture as basis of much of economy 49

50. Panhellenic Festivals Useful for integrating far-flung colonies Olympic Games begin 776 BCE Sense of collective identity 50