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Essential Cell Biology

Essential Cell Biology. Cells and organels. Alberts B. and coll. (2003) Essential cell biology , New York and London, Garland Science. 10. Úvod do biologie buňky ve vztahu ke tkáňovému inženýrství. Buňka a její složky, buněčná membrána, růst buňky a její diferenciace, rozmnožování buněk.

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Essential Cell Biology

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  1. Essential Cell Biology Cells and organels Alberts B. and coll. (2003) Essential cell biology, New York and London, Garland Science

  2. 10. Úvod do biologie buňky ve vztahu ke tkáňovému inženýrství. Buňka a její složky, buněčná membrána, růst buňky a její diferenciace, rozmnožování buněk. 11. Úvod do biologie tkáně ve vztahu ke tkáňovému inženýrství. Vznik tkáně, soudržnost buněk ve tkáních, mimobuněčné hmoty. 12. Typy tkání. Tkáň epitelová, tkáň pojivá, tkáň svalová, tkáň nervová.

  3. Cells Procaryotes Eucaryotes Eubacteria Archaea Procaryotes: Cytoplasma and DNA without organized internal structure. B. duplicates itself in a little as 20 minutes under optimum conditions. bacteria

  4. Bacteria=bactron=staff

  5. Eubacteria: Archaea: Soil bacteria Those which make us ill Concentrated brin Hot volcanic springs Airless depth of marine sediments Existence on primitive Earth before the atmosphere became rich of oxygen

  6. Procaryotic cell (bacteria): Pro=„before“; karyon=nucleus“ Features: The simplest structure Contain essentially no organels not even a nucleus to hold DNA Abbilities: Rapid grow rates Exchange bits of genetic material by a process akin to sex Use new food sources Resist being kild by a new antibiotics

  7. Bacteria shapes: Rod-like Spherical Spiral

  8. Procaryotes: Most of them single celled organisms Some join together to form chains, clusters Simple shape nad structure X most diverse and inventive in terms of chemistry chain cluster

  9. Procaryotes: Enormous range of habitats Hot puddles of volcanic mud Interiors of other living cells Aerobic-using oxigen to oxidize food molecules X strictly anaerobic • Actinomyces sp. ArchaeaThermotoga

  10. Mitochondria: The organel of eucaryotic cell. Ate thought to be evolved from aerobic bacteria,i.e. our oxygen based metabolism can be regarded as a product of activity of bacteria cells!!?? (Chloroplasts of plants-the same evolution) Enclosed with two membrane

  11. Mitochondria:

  12. Eucaryotic cell Bigger and more elaborative than bacteria and archaea Single cell organisms Amoebae yeasts

  13. Eucaryotic

  14. Multicellular eucaryotic assemblies: Plants, fungy, annimals

  15. Nucleus: By definition all eucaryotic cells have nucleus Nucleus goes hand in hand with possesion of other organels

  16. Nucleus: The most prominent organelle Enclosed with two membranes Contains DNA molecules (visible even in light microscops) Stores the genetic information thanks to DNA

  17. Mitochondria: Generate usable energy from food to power the cell One of the most conspicius organells Sousafe- or worm-shaped from one to many micrometers long Enclosed in two separate memranes Inner membrane is formed into folds

  18. Mitochondria: Contain their owen DNA ; reproduce by dividing in two They are though to derive from bacteria that werw engulfed by some ancestor of present-day eucaryotic cell Harnes the energy from oxidation of food molrcules Sugar…adenosin trifosfate (ATP)=chemical fuel Consume O and release CO; cellular respiration A few anaerobic eucaryotes lack mitochondria and live only in environments that are oxygen free

  19. Internal membranes create intracellular compartments with different functions… other organels enclosed by single membrane Endoplasmatic Reticulum (ER) Irregular maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by a folded membrane Is the site at which most cell membrane components and materials destined for export from the cell is made

  20. Golgi Apparatus: Stacks of flatened membrane-enclosed sacks Receives and offten modifies chemicals made in ER and direct them to exterior of the cell or to various other locations

  21. Lysosomes: Small irregular shaped organels Release nutrients from digestion Brake down unwonted molecules for recycling or excretion

  22. Peroxisomes: Small vesicles Provide a contained environment for reactions in which hydrogen peroxide (dengerously reactive chemical) is generated and degraded

  23. Vesicles: Transport materials between one membrane enclosed organel to other There exists a continual exchange of materials ER…Golgi Apparatus…lysosomes…outside of the cell mantained by vesicles-binched off from the membrane of one organel and fuse with other.

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