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Cell Biology

Cell Biology. Prokaryotic Cell Small ~ 1-2 µm 01-50 µm Max.? No Nucleus Little Internal Structure Some are Motile Unicellular or Clusters. Always Exceptions? E. fishelsoni - 600 µm. Cell Shapes. Bacillus Coccus Spirillum Spirochetes Appendaged. Cell Clusters. Pairs – Diplo…

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Cell Biology

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  1. Cell Biology • Prokaryotic Cell • Small ~ 1-2µm • 01-50 µm • Max.? • No Nucleus • Little Internal Structure • Some are Motile • Unicellular or Clusters

  2. Always Exceptions? E. fishelsoni - 600µm

  3. Cell Shapes • Bacillus • Coccus • Spirillum • Spirochetes • Appendaged

  4. Cell Clusters • Pairs – Diplo… Diplococcus • Chains – Strepto.. Streptococcus • Others – Staphylococcus

  5. Cytoplasmic Membrane • Phospholipid Bilayer • No Sterols • Ester linkages • Archaea • Ether linkage • Lipid monolayer • Thermophiles

  6. Membrane Function • Selective Permeability • Transport Proteins • Simple Transport

  7. Group Translocation Glucose PEP Glucose 6 PO4 Pyruvate Transport linked to Glycolysis

  8. ABC System Transport • Periplamsic-binding protein • Membrane-spanning protein • Kinase

  9. Bacterial Cell Wall • Peptidoglycan, • Murein Layer n-acetylglucosamine n-acetylmuramic acid • Peptide Cross Links • Diaminopimelic acid • d-Alanine •  1-4 Linkage

  10. Gram Positive Cell Wall • Multi-Track layer • Teichoic Acid • Lysozyme Protoplast • Autolysins • Archaea Pseudopeptidoglycan

  11. Gram Negative Envelope • Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharides • Peptidoglycan • Periplasmic space • Cytoplasmic Membrane

  12. Gram Negative Outer Membrane • Lipopolysaccharides • Endotoxins Pyrogens • Lipid A • Core Polysaccharide • O Polysaccharide • Porins • Periplasmic Space

  13. Prokaryotic DNA • Closed Circles • E. coli chromosome has 4.6 million Bases • Supercoiled • Haploid • Sometimes Plasmids

  14. Flagella • Polar flagella • Lophotrichous • Peritrichous flagella • Flagellin • Self Assembly

  15. Taxis • Chemotaxis • Tumbles – Runs • Phototaxis • Magnetotaxis

  16. Outer Surface Flagella Pili - Fimbriae Capsule Slime Layer Glycocalyx

  17. Inclusion Bodies • Poly--Hydroxybutyric Acid • Glycogen

  18. Polyphosphate –Metachromatic granules Sulfur

  19. Magnetosomes

  20. Gas Vesicles

  21. Endospores • Most Resistance Cell • Withstand Boiling • Formed in Cells • Contains Calcium dipicolinic Acid

  22. Eukaryotic Cells • Contains Organelles • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Chloroplasts

  23. Endosymbiotic Theory

  24. Teichoic –Lipoteichoic acid

  25. Cell Biology Word List

  26. Cell Biology Word List 2

  27. Cell Biology Word List 3

  28. Cell Biology Word List 4

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