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Chordata (Fish)

Chordata (Fish). Nealansh Gupta, Siddhartho Bhattacharya, Richard Tong Period 1 http://www.hilariousheadlines.com/talk/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/reef-fish.jpg. Phyla. Siddhartho Bhattacharya. Myxini: jawless Hagfish, snake like

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Chordata (Fish)

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  1. Chordata (Fish) • Nealansh Gupta, Siddhartho Bhattacharya, Richard Tong • Period 1 • http://www.hilariousheadlines.com/talk/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/reef-fish.jpg

  2. Phyla Siddhartho Bhattacharya • Myxini: jawless Hagfish, snake like • Cephalaspidomorphi: Lampreys; oldest living lineage of verabrates. 35 species • Chondrichthyes: Sharks, rays, etc. The biggest and most successful predators • Actinopterygii: Ray-finned fishes; common fishes: bass, clownfish, tuna, etc. • Actinistia: Lobed fin, spike containing fish • Dipnoi: Lungfish, freshwater

  3. Examples Nealansh Gupta Cephalaspidomorphi) (Lamprey) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diversas_lampreas.1_-_Aquarium_Finisterrae.JPG Myxini (hagfish) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pacific_hagfish_Myxine.jpg Chondrichthyes (Shark) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White_shark.jpg Actinistia (coelacanths) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Latimeria_Chalumnae_-_Coelacanth_-_NHMW.jpg Actinopterygii (regular fish) http://z.about.com/d/animals/1/G/s/Q/fishes.jpg Dipnoi (South American Lungfish) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lepidosiren_paradoxa_0.jpg

  4. Body Cavity Richard Tong • All contain a coelom (fluid filled space separating digestive tract from the outer body wall; tissue usually derived from the mesoderm.

  5. Body Symmetry Nealansh Gupta • All fish are bilateral (mirror image halves) • Myxini and Cephalaspidomorphi also contain radial symmetry (symmetry radiating along the center)

  6. Nervous System Siddhartho Bhattacharya • All are cephalized with brains • Myxini: contain 2 brains. Lack a SNS. Contain free nerves throughout skin. • Cephalaspidomorphi: Complete CNS. • Chondrichthyes: Simple brain, simple column, simple network of nerves. • Actinopterygii: complete CNS • Actinistia: CNS • Dipnoi: CNS

  7. Circulatory System Richard Tong • ALL HAVE CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS • Myxini: primitive circulatory sytem with 4 hearts, one is brachial and serves as main pump while the other 3 serve as accessory pumps. • Cephalaspidomorphi: two chambered heart. • Chondrichthyans: two chambered heart. RBC created not in bone marrow but in the spleen and special tissue around gonads. • Actinoterygii: two chambered heart. No separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. • Actinistia: two chambered heart. • Dipnoi: partial four chambered heart. Separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

  8. Digestive System Nealansh Gupta • All ingest through the mouth • Myxini: Eat dead things from the inside out. Food in gut is enclosed in an impermeable membrane. • Cephalaspidomorphi: Use teeth to get through skin to suck blood. Gut is their stomach. • Chondrichthyes: Short digestive tract with a spinal valve within shark intestine to increase SA and prolong food passaging. • Actinopterygii, Actinistia, Dipnoi: Breakdown in esophagus. food digested in stomach and processed in finger shape pouches, secrete enzymes and absorb nutrients. Intestine completes process.

  9. Excretory System Richard Tong • All fish excrete through anus. All have kidneys • Myxini, Cephalaspidomorphi: Have 2 kidneys. Only use their mesonephric kidney (do not use the other one) • Chondrichthyes: Sharks urinate through penis. • Actinopterygii, Actinistia, Dipnoi: Contain a urinary bladder.

  10. Locomotion/Musculature Siddhartho Bhattacharya • Musculature: All contain a complex muscle system similar to that of humans • Myxini: swim in snakelike fashion by using their segmented muscles to exert force on their notochord • Cephalaspidomorphi: they use an anguilliform (movement by snaking body through water) similar to myxini, but laterally direct a wave along body. Have the ability to swim backwards. • Chondrichthyans: contain fins for movement; shark like chondrichthyans contain a heterocercal tail for locomotion and rays contain flexible pectoral fins • Actinoterygii and Actinistia: anterior to posterior sequential contractions along one side of the body with simultaneous relaxation along other side. Actinistia also use fins. • Dipnoi: contain small leg-like appendages to move over rocks and mud and all other surface obstacles.

  11. Skeletal Type Nealansh Gupta • Myxini have no vertebrae but notochord (strong flexible rod of cartilage); all other phyla contain a vertebrae • Myxini, Cephalaspidomorphi, and Chondrichthyans contain cartilage skeletons (Chondrichthyans have calcium cartilage) • Actinoterygii, Actinistia, and Dipnoi have bone skeletons. • Actinoterygii: fins supported by flexible bone rays • Actinistia and Dipnoi: fins supported by rod shaped bones and spikes

  12. Sensory Structures/Features Siddhartho Bhattacharya • All have lateral lines (detects motion/vibration in water) • Myxini: 2 simple eyespots. No eye muscle. Single nostril. 6-8 barbels (whiskerlike tactile sensory organ near mouth) • Cephalaspidomorphi: 2 large eyes. one nostril on top of head • Chondrichthyes: Keen smell. 2 complex eyes (contract/dilate). 2 nostrils. May have sharp hearing. Electroreception. • Actinopterygii, Actinistia, Dipnoi: 2 complex eyes. Inner ears. Smell. two nostrils.

  13. Reproduction Nealansh Gupta • All are sexual reproduction. All external fertilizers (oviparous) except sharks. All have testes and ovaries. • Myxini: Some are hermaphroditic (but only one gamete functions) no larva stage • Cephalaspidomorphi: Larva stage • Chondrichthyes: Internal fertilization. Fetus can grow inside female, can be in egg outside body, maintain a placental link.

  14. Gas Exchange Richard Tong • All have gills, allow for oxygen carbon dioxide exchange through capillary network. • Water pumped over gills pushing oxygen poor water out and pulling in oxygen rich water through mouths. • Myxini, Cephalaspidomorphi, Chondrichthyes: contain multiple gill openings • Dipnoi: Have paired lungs; must surface to gulp air. Some are obligate air breathers (must breathe air periodically)

  15. Other Siddhartho Bhattacharya • Myxini: Produce slime to escape capture and distract predators. • Cephalaspidomorphi: Attack prey by attaching mouths to animal and use teeth to cut through skin and scales to suck blood. • Chondrichthyes: sharks jaw is not attached to its cranium. It has a layer of tiny hexagonal plates which give some strength. • Actinopterygii: comprises of nearly 95% of the 25,000 species of fish • Actinistia: Have a symmetrical tail • Dipnoi: Contain little legs for movement

  16. QUIZ QUESTIONS! Richard Tong

  17. WHAT PHYLUM DOES NOT HAVE A VERTEBRAE?A. ChondrichthyesB. MyxiniC. ActinistiaD. Dipnoi

  18. MYXINI

  19. Which Phylum is a coelomate?A. PoriferaB. CnidariaC. Chordata (fish)D. Platyhelminthes

  20. Chordata (fish)

  21. WHICH CONTAIN A CEPHALIZED NERVOUS SYSTEM?A. ChondrichthyesB. MyxiniC. ActinistiaD. All

  22. All

  23. True or False:All Chordata (fish) contain lateral lines

  24. TRUE

  25. THE END http://www.tudiscovery.com/tiburones/que_es/popup_que/asset/07914907646434433_elephant_shark_380x290.jpg http://blog.rocketboom.com/post/102948092/the-top-15-most-bizarre-sea-animals

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