Bachelor of Arts in Public Health

1. Bachelor of Arts in Public Health University of Hawai‘i – Mānoa John A. Burns School of Medicine Office of Public Health Studies

2. History of Public Health at UHM • 1962 – Department of Public Health founded • 1967 – School of Public Health founded • 1999 – School of Public Health closed over faculty senate’s strong objections • 2000 – Office of Public Health Studies created in JABSOM • 2013 – Strong nationally accredited program with 4 MPH and 2 doctoral degrees • 2014 – School of Global and Community Health?

3. Public Health • Obesity • Tobacco Use • Pandemic Influenza • MRSA • Drunk Driving • Climate Change • Rising Health Care Costs • Emerging Infectious diseases • Access to clean water • Vog / Air pollution • HIV/AIDS

4. These problems need interdisciplinary solutions • Public Health is an interdisciplinary approach to improving the health of populations including, but not limited to: • epidemiology • urban planning • psychology • microbiology • tropical medicine • behavioral science • nursing • law • economics • education • sociology • environmental health

5. For a Global Generation, Public Health Is a Hot FieldBy David BrownWashington Post Staff WriterFriday, September 19, 2008; A01 Courses in epidemiology, public health and global health -- three subjects that were not offered by most colleges a generation ago -- are hot classes on campuses these days.They are drawing undergraduates to lecture halls in record numbers, prompting a scramble by colleges to hire faculty and import ready-made courses. Schools that have taught the subjects for years have expanded their offerings in response to surging demand.At Johns Hopkins, which has offered an undergraduate major in "public health studies" since 1976, there were 159 students studying the field 10 years ago; this year, there are 311 majors. At the College of William and Mary, a freshman seminar called "Emerging Diseases" is so popular that it is offered in two sections each semester. "It fills up instantly," said Beverly Sher, the immunologist who teaches it."We see exponential growth going on in the interest in these subjects," said Richard Riegelman, an epidemiologist and chief voice of the Educated Citizen and Public Health Initiative.

6. CONFRONTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH WORKFORCE CRISIS: ASPH STATEMENT ON THE PUBLIC HEALTH WORKFORCE The U.S. faces a future public health workforce crisis, and the current public health workforce is inadequate to meet the health needs of the U.S. and global population. KEY FACTS: • ASPH estimates that 250,000 morepublic health workers will be needed by 2020. • The public health workforce is diminishing over time (there were 50,000 fewer public health workers in 2000 than in 1980), forcing public health workers to do more for more people with fewer resources. • This challenge is compounded by the fact that 23% of the current workforce – almost 110,000 workers – are eligible to retire by 2012. • There are documented and forecasted shortages of public health physicians, public health nurses, epidemiologists, health care educators, and administrators. Without enough public health workers protecting us where we live, work and play, we all are vulnerable to serious health risks. • To replenish the workforce and avert the crisis, schools of public health would have to train three times the current number of graduates over the next 12 years.

7. Addresses the UH Mission • Native Hawaiian & indigenous health issues • Place: sustainability and ecology • Research intensive and community based • Social justice • Excellence in education • Addresses critical workforce shortages in Hawai‘i

8. Benchmark and Peer Institutions • The following UHM benchmark institutions offer undergraduate degrees in public health • University of California – Irvine • University of Iowa • University of Tennessee – Knoxville • University of Washington • The following UHM peer institutions offer undergraduate degrees in public health • Oregon State University • University of Arizona

9. Characteristics of Undergraduate Public Health Programs • University of California – Irvine • Enrollment began in AY 2006-2007 • Current enrollment in both the B.A. and B.S. is approximately 1000 students • University of California – Berkeley • First cohort of 80 students was in 2005 • Since then, approximately 1200 graduates • Students are admitted during the 3rd year • Currently 310 undergraduate public health majors

10. Why Undergraduate Public Health at UHM? • Recently, Gov. Neil Abercrombie identified public health and the need for public health education as a priority for support and development (A New Day in Hawaii, 2010-11) • Recent workforce data shows that roughly 25% (500+ employees) of the state’s public health workforce have reached retirement eligibility as of 2013

11. Why Undergraduate Public Health at UHM? • From the viewpoint of the surrounding region, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a serious public health threat (Pacific Islands Health Officers Association (PIHOA) Board Resolution #48-01) • PIHOA has stated, for the record, their strong support of increased public health training opportunities • Specifically, PIHOA supports community colleges in the region are working to develop associate degrees in public health to address the educational gaps that exist in the current workforce

12. ASPH Undergraduate Public Health Learning Outcomes – Model Version 1.0 (2011) • Target Audience • All undergraduate students at institutions of higher education • Goal • Express what every undergraduate, as an educated member of society, should know and the able to do to promote population health both locally and globally • Domain 1 – Knowledge of human cultures and the physical and natural world as it relates to individual and population health • Domain 2 – Intellectual and practical skills • Domain 3 – Personal and social responsibility • Domain 4 – Integrative and applied learning

13. Learning Objectives Cognitive Learning Objectives • Science: Students should have an introduction to the foundations of scientific knowledge, including the biological and life sciences and the concepts of health and disease • Social and Behavioral Sciences: Students should have an introduction to the foundations of social and behavioral sciences • Math/Quantitative Reasoning: Students should have an introduction to basic statistics • Humanities/Fine Arts: Students should have an introduction to the humanities/fine arts

14. Learning Objectives Skill-based Learning Objectives • Communications: Students should be able to communicate, in both oral and written forms and through a variety of media, to diverse audiences • Information Literacy: Students should be able to locate, use, evaluate, and synthesize information

15. Undergraduate Admissions – General Admission Requirements • 30 credits of college-level work (sophomore standing) • Minimum cumulative Grade-Point Average (GPA) of 3.0 in all courses attempted (Combined UH Mānoa + Transfer GPA from all other colleges attended) • Completion of pre-public health core courses with no grade below ‘B’ (not B-)

16. Pre-Public Health Core Courses ENG100 – Composition I (3 cr) PSY100 – Survey of Psychology (3 cr) PHYL103/103L – Human Physiology and Anatomy/Lab (4 cr) -or- BIOL171/171/L – Introduction to Biology I/Lab (4 cr) MATH140 – Precalculus (or higher) (3 cr) PSY225 – Statistical Techniques (3 cr) PH201 – Intro to Public Health (3 cr) Total credits required: 19 credits

17. Public Health Major Courses PH303 – Global Health (3 cr) PH310 – Epidemiology (3 cr) PH305 – Native Hawaiian and Indigenous Health (3 cr) PH341 – Public Health Biology & Pathophysiology (3 cr) PH460 – Public Health Research Methods (3 cr) PH480 – Service Learning (3 cr) PH481 – Capstone Seminar (1 cr) Total credits required:19 credits

18. Public Health Elective Courses PH301 – Seminar in Public Health Issues (3 cr) PH320 – Needs Assessment, Planning, and Evaluation (3 cr) PH330 – Health Systems (3 cr) PH341 – Environmental Health (3 cr) PH350 – Statistical Methods for Public Health (3 cr) PH410 – Advanced Epidemiology (3 cr) PH411 – Nutrition and Disease Prevention (3 cr) PH420 – Health Education and Health Promotion (3 cr) PH421 – Physical Activity and Health (3 cr) PH430 – Health Policy and Advocacy (3 cr) PH461 – Directed Research (variable cr) PH499 – Directed Reading (variable cr)

19. Advanced Education Opportunities • Graduate programs in Public Health • OPHS currently offers MPH, MS, DrPH, and PhD • Medicine • Students have the ability to meet all of the prereqs for schools of medicine • The proposed curriculum addresses the revised competencies for the new MCAT (2015) • Other healthcare specialties • Pharmacy, Nursing, Dietetics, Dentistry, etc.

20. Professional Pursuits • Potential career paths are interdisciplinary and wide-ranging, including epidemiology, biostatistics, public health administration, health policy planning and development, social and behavioral aspects of health, and environmental health • As stated previously, with an aging public health workforce, this level of training would be a means of providing well-prepared future employees

21. Administration • An undergraduate degree is a component of the strategic plan for OPHS as it moves towards establishment of the School of Global and Community Health • The proposed program is expected to have a neutral financial impact • OPHS is proposing to reallocate existing resources for the initiation of the program, including one (1.0 FTE) faculty member at the Assistant Specialist level, and two half-time (0.5 FTE) graduate assistants

22. Instruction • Current OPHS faculty have endorsed the BA proposal, and the courses will be managed/taught by current faculty in the appropriate specializations • e.g. PH420 – Health Education and Health Promotion will be the responsibility of the Social and Behavioral Health faculty

23. Questions??? Mahalo