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English Examples of Indirect Statement

English Examples of Indirect Statement. Indirect Statement. He said, “I want to go to the Reel Big Fish show.” Versus He said THAT he wanted to go to the Reel Big Fish show. Indirect Statement. What is the difference between the two sentences in the previous slide?

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English Examples of Indirect Statement

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  1. English Examples of Indirect Statement

  2. Indirect Statement He said, “I want to go to the Reel Big Fish show.” Versus He said THAT he wanted to go to the Reel Big Fish show.

  3. Indirect Statement What is the difference between the two sentences in the previous slide? The first is “direct” statement. The second is “indirect” statement.

  4. Indirect Statement Seth said, “Pepper played the same set on Saturday in Jacksonville.” Direct or Indirect Statement? He also said that Reel Big Fish plays Metallica better than Metallica. Direct or Indirect Statement?

  5. Indirect Statement In Latin, Indirect Statement is introduced by what we are going to call “Mental Action Verbs,” or M.A.V.’s. These include verbs of “saying,” “thinking,” “perceiving,” “knowing” and the like.

  6. Chapter 25 – Infinitives; Indirect Statement

  7. Chapter 25 – Infinitives An infinitive = A Verbal Noun For Example: Errāre est humānum. To err is human.

  8. Chapter 25 – Infinitives • In syntax, a transitive verb is a verb that requires both a subject and one or more objects. Mary sees John. • an intransitive verb has a subject but does not have an object. For example, in English, the verbs sleep, die, and swim, are intransitive. The cup broke.

  9. Chapter 25 – Infinitives In Latin, most transitive verbs have six infinitives: 1. Present Active 2. Present Passive 3. Future Active 4. Future Passive 5. Perfect Active 6. Perfect Passive Intransitive verbs lack the passive.

  10. Chapter 25 – Infinitives You have already learned the present active & present passive infinitives: Present active = laudare Present passive = laudarī

  11. Chapter 25 – Infinitives

  12. Chapter 25 – Infinitives

  13. Chapter 25 – Infinitives As a verbal noun, an infinitive can function in a variety of ways: As a subject: Errāre est humānum. To err is human. As a compliment to verbs like possum and dēbeō: Discēdere nunc possunt. The infinitive, with its own accusative subject, can also serve as a direct object: Iussit eōs venīre.

  14. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement • A popular use for infinitives is in a grammatical construction called an indirect statment. First, think of what a direct statement is: Caesar venit. Caesar comes. This is a simple and direct comment.

  15. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement • When one introduces the direct statement with a clause - such as Cicero dixit, Marcus scit, Cornelius putat or Aurelia vidit - the phrase . . . that Caesar comes is written differently. Caesar is written as an accusative and comes as an infinitive: Cicero dixit Caesaremvenire. Cicero said that Caesar was coming.

  16. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Marcus scit puerum librum portare. Marcus knows that the boy carries a book. Cornelius putat puerum librum portare. Cornelius thinks that the boy carries a book. Aurelia vidit puerum librum portare. Aurelia saw that the boy carried a book. Note the introductory verbs dixit, scit, putat, vidit.

  17. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement dixit, scit, putat, vidit: These belong to categories of: dixit - verb of saying, scit - verb of knowing, putat - verb of thinking, vidit - verb of perceiving.

  18. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Note the translation of the infinitive: Caesar dixit puerum librum portare. Caesar said that the boy carried a book. The temporal relationship of the infinitive to the main verb is relative to the tense of the main verb (as with participles)

  19. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Verbs of saying, knowing, thinking and perceiving are followed by an infinitive, the subject of which is in the accusative case. Marcus scit puerum librum portare Latin uses the accusative with an infinitive when English would supply the word “that.” Marcus knows THAT the boy carries the book.

  20. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Iūlia putat sē esse bonam discipulam. Julia thinks that she (herself) is a good student. Recognizing indirect statement is easy: Look for the main verb of speech, mental activity, or sense perception with an accusative + infinitive phrase following.

  21. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement • In translation, you must nearly always supply THAT and convert the infinitive phrase into a regular clause. • After supplying THAT and translating the accusative subject as if it were a nominative, you must then transform the infinitive into a regular finite verb IN THE CORRECT TENSE, noting that tenses of the infinitive, like those of the participle, are RELATIVE NOT ABSOLUTE.

  22. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Just like as in participles, the tense of the infinitive goes as follows: Present infinitive = contemporaneous action Perfect infinitive = prior action Future infinitive = future action

  23. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Dīcunt eum iuvāre eam. Present infinitive = contemporaneous action = They say that he is helping her. Dīcunt eum iūvisse eam. Perfect infinitive = prior action = They say that he helped her. Dīcunt eum iūtūrum esse eam. Future Infinitive = future action = They say that he will help her.

  24. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Dīxērunt eum iuvāre eam. Present infinitive = contemporaneous action = They said that he helped her. Dīxērunt eum iūvisse eam. Perfect infinitive = prior action = They said that he had helped her. Dīxērunt eum iūtūrum esse eam. Future infinitive = future action = They said that he would help her.

  25. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Dīcent eum iuvāre eam. Present infinitive = contemporaneous action = They will say that he will be helping her. Dīcent eum iūvisse eam. Perfect infinitive = prior action = They will say that he helped her. Dīcent eum iūtūrum esse eam. Future infinitive = future action = They will say that he will help her.

  26. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Gāius dīcit sē iūvisse eam. Gaius says that he himself helped her. Gāius dīxit eum iūvisse eam. Gaius said that he (another guy) had helped her. Gāius dīcit litterās ā sē scrīptās esse. Gaius says that the letter was written by him.

  27. Chapter 25 – Indirect Statement Gāius dīcit litterās scrībendās esse tibi. Gaius says that the letter must be written by you. Discipulī putant sē linguam Latīnam amātūrōs esse. The students think that they will love the Latin language. Magistra scīvit discipulās Latīnam amātūrās esse. The teacher knew that the students would love Latin.

  28. QUIZ 1. Posteā audivimus servōs donorum causā laboravisse, ut militēs fidelēs herī narraverant. Parse laboravisse: (tense, voice, type of verb) • Credimus fidem antiquam omnibus gentibus iterum alendam esse. What case is gentibus and why?

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