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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. Functions of blood: transport O 2 and nutrients to cells transport CO 2 and other waste away from cells transport chem. Messengers (hormones) to cells maintain pH maintain body temp maintain water and ion conc. protection against pathogens. Blood Vessels

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System

  2. Functions of blood: • transport O2 and nutrients to cells • transport CO2 and other waste away from cells • transport chem. Messengers (hormones) to cells • maintain pH • maintain body temp • maintain water and ion conc. • protection against pathogens

  3. Blood Vessels Three main categories: Arteries (away from heart) Capillaries (tiny vessels that carry blood between cells) Veins (towards the heart)

  4. Blood Vessels

  5. Cardiac Cycle • Systole: contraction of heart muscle • Diastole: relaxation of heart muscle

  6. Cardiac Output • Heart rate: number of times heart beats/min • Stroke volume: vol of blood forced from a ventricle/contraction • Cardiac Output: vol of blood leaving ventricle / min • Heart has its own inbuilt rhythm of contraction & relaxation due to SA node (Sino atrial node: group of nerve cells) but can be influenced by brain/CNS (Cardiovascular Regulating Centre)

  7. Blood Flow • Amount of blood flowing through an organ or vessel (mL/min) • Determined by: • Cardiac output • Diameter of arterioles. Determined by: • CNS • Hormones (adrenaline – vasodilator in muscle, vasoconstrictor everywhere else) • CO2, lactic acid: Vasodilator, O2: Vasoconstrictor

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