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Plants Without Seeds

Learn about nonvascular plants like mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, as well as seedless vascular plants such as ferns, club mosses, and horsetails. Explore their characteristics, growth environments, and reproductive strategies. Understand how these plants adapt to survive without seeds and in various habitats. Discover the importance of vascular tissues for transporting materials and ensuring plant stability.

jenniferclark
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Plants Without Seeds

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  1. Plants Without Seeds Chapter 8 Section 2

  2. WARM UP/WRAP UP • Food and minerals move __________. • Water and nutrients move ___________. • What is the one adaptation that land plants have to keep them from drying out (waxy layer)?

  3. Nonvascular Plants • Three major groups of nonvascular plants • Mosses • Liverworts • Hornworts

  4. Characteristics of Nonvascular Plants • Low-growing • Live in moist environments • Absorb water and other nutrients directly • Watery surroundings enable sperm cells to swim to egg cells

  5. Mosses 10,000 species • Green, fuzzy moss is the gametophyte generation of the plant • Rhizoids: thin, rootlike structures that anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients from the soil • The sporophyte generation grows out of the gametophyte • The sporophyte consists of a slender stalk with a capsule at the end • The capsule contains spores

  6. A moss Plant

  7. Liverworts 8,000 species • Often found growing as a thick crust on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream

  8. Hornworts • Fewer than 100 species • Live in moist soil, often mixed in with grass plants

  9. Seedless Vascular Plants • Characteristics • Ferns, club mosses and horsetails have true vascular tissue • Do not produce seeds, these plants reproduce by releasing spores • Can grow tall because vascular tissues effectively transport materials • Provide strength and stability • Grow in moist environments • There must be enough water for the spermto swim to the eggs

  10. Ferns • Stems of most ferns grow underground • Fronds • Fern leaves, divided into many smaller parts that look like small leaves • The cuticle is found on the upper surface of each frond, helps retain plant water • Tiny spore cases are found on the underside of the fronds

  11. Horsetails • Seedless, vascular plant • Stems are jointed • Long, coarse, needle-like branches • Resemble a horse’s tail • Silica • Stem contains a gritty substance also found in sand

  12. Club Mosses • Seedless, vascular plant • Not to be confused with moss • Grow in moist woodlands and near streams

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