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Ancient Japan: Land and Culture

Explore the geographical features of Japan, from its archipelago to natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. Learn about the cultural origins, religion, and historical periods that shaped ancient Japan.

jenniferfletcher
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Ancient Japan: Land and Culture

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  1. Feudal Nippon Chapter 12 Sec 4

  2. Day 1 Warm-Up The Great Wave off Kanagawa, Katsushika Hokusai c. 1829 - 1832

  3. Setting the Stage • Nihon • “origin of the sun” • Japan borrowed • Ideas, institutions & culture from _____ • Take ideas • & make it uniquely their own

  4. Geography • Group of islands? • Archipelago • How many islands? • 4,000 islands • 4 main islands: • Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Hokkaido • Not wide, but long • 1,200 miles

  5. Geography

  6. Geography • Mountainous • 70% • Arable land • 12% • Major cities = along coast, except _______ • Heian (Kyoto) • Natural resources • Limited

  7. Natural Disasters • Seasonal typhoons • Plate tectonics & Ring of Fire • Earthquakes • Tsunamis • Volcanoes

  8. Ring of fire

  9. 2011

  10. Mt. Fuji

  11. Geography • Island location • Huge impact on Japanese culture • 120 miles of sea b/w Japan & Korea • 500 miles of sea b/w Japan & China • What role does Korea play? • K  bridge b/w J & C • Obstacles: • No major directional ocean currents • Trip = difficult & dangerous • Results: • Semi-isolated • Hard to invade • Sea = source of food

  12. Background • Earliest inhabitants • Ainu people – indigenous • “Hairy People” • Pushed north to Honshu and Hokkaido • Paleolithic Age – migrations from land bridge (Korea) • Hunter/gatherers • Pushed Ainu north • Suppressed religion and languge • 250 BCE • Farming • 1st century BCE • Not unified nation • 100s of uji (clans)

  13. Uji • Controlled own territory • Each had its own chief • Records indicate that some were women • What does this tell us? • Special god/goddess

  14. Religion • Thousands of local gods/spirits • Name? • Shinto • Mean? • “Way of the gods” • Based on respect for? (2) • Forces of nature • Ancestor worship • Kami  divine spirits • Live in nature

  15. Tomb Period (Kofun) • 250 to 592 CE • 150,000 • 3 main islands • Reflection of status Daisan, Sakai city

  16. Kofun • Imported technologies (Korea) • Earth moving & surveying • Tombs’ contents reflected status • Protective or magical • Mirrors, swords/armor & jewels • Haniwa (terracotta) • Farming tools, farmers, warriors, dancers, servants, etc…

  17. Emperors • Yamato Clan • Claimed? • Divine origins • Amaterasu  sun goddess • By 400 CE • Leading clan • Control of trade • Monopoly on technology • By 600 CE • Emperors

  18. Yamato Society • What is missing? • Administrative structure • Laws, bureaucracy, official ceremony • No capital city • No taxation • Little control over outlying regions

  19. Day 2 Warm-Up • Describe the relationship between Japan, Korea, and China that we have studied up to this point.

  20. Cultural Borrowings • 5th - 6th Centuries • Yamato Clan • Attracted skilled craftsmen & Korean immigrants • Iron working • Buddhism  morals & magic • Chinese writing • Confucian thought

  21. Group Assignment • Classwork #1 “Cultural Borrowings” • Bonnes, Coogan, Wright • Danyo, Palczuk, Snyder, Mengers • Ford, Udovich, Singley • Dentinger, Dramis, Nielsen, Falasco

  22. Art Tensho Shubun, Reading in a Bamboo Grove, 1446

  23. Kepatsu

  24. Historical Periods • Periods are named after _______ • 1st permanent capital? • Nara (710 to 784) • Modeled after Chang'an or Xi’an (China)

  25. Heian Period (794-1185) • Moved capital • from Nara to Heian-kyo (Kyoto) • Buddhists too powerful & meddling • Means • Peace & tranquility • Monasteries outside the city • Separation of church & state

  26. Heian Period (794-1185) • Emperor? • Yamato Clan • Fujiwara • Daughters married into imperial family • Why? • To gain access (power) • Results: • Emperor  rites & rituals • Fujiwara power behind the throne

  27. Emperors Strike Back • Mid 12th century • “System of retired emperors” • issue edicts w/ full imperial authority • Results: • Fujiwara influence  • Fujiwara, reigning & retired emperors • Vied for power • Imperial succession = bitterly contested • No primogeniture

  28. Day 3 Warm-Up • Recap: How did the Fujiwara try to exert their influence in the Heian Court, and what was the response of the emperors?

  29. Minamoto Yoritomo (1147-1199) • Shogun 1192-99 • Capital moves to Kamakura • Kamakura Shogunate (Bakufu) 1192-1333 • Real power • Rests on military strength • Vassalage: • Demanded • absolute loyalty & service • In return for • land

  30. Japanese Society

  31. Samurai • Means  “to serve” • Code of Conduct? • Bushido  “the way of the warrior” • Ideal Qualities • Loyalty • Emperor of Daimyo • Trustworthy & honest • Frugal lives • Fairness & generosity towards the weak

  32. Samurai • Combat • fight alone, one-on-one • call out his • family name, rank & accomplishments • Seek out worthy opponent • killed  opponent • Sever his head • proof of his victory

  33. Samurai • Courage & fearless of death • Death in combat is preferred • Short glorious life preferred to uneventful or long life • Symbol = Cherry blossom (sakura) • Seppuku  ritual suicide

  34. Tomoe Gozen

  35. Kublai Khan & Japan

  36. Mongols • Kamikaze 1281 • Bakufu thought M would be back • Next 30 yrs • Trained & built forts • Mongols never came • Short run: • Made Bakufustronger • Long run: • Ran out of land & bandits • Downfall

  37. Ashikage Shogunate • 1335-1573 • Shogun was weak • Power was decentralized • in the hands of numerous • Powerful nobles & monasteries • Daimyo • Absolute rulers on their lands • Turmoil and warfare were common • Yet economy and culture thrived • Flower arrangement, tea ceremony, Zen landscaping

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