Colonies and the Revolution

1. Colonies and the Revolution

2. Lure of Trade and Exploration • Trade networks already connected Africa, Asia, and Europe • exchange of cultures, goods, and services

3. Lure of Trade and Exploration • W. Europe= direct access to Asian goods • Italian and Muslim merchants controlled trade routes • looked for new sea routes

4. Lure of Trade and Exploration • Portugal led the way • 1430s, colonized islands off the NW coast of Africa • 1497, Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa and reached Asia • Monopoly of East-West Sea trade • Spices and gold

5. Lure of Trade and Exploration • 1500, slave trade dominated • Devastated Africa societies

6. The Explorers • Spain supported Christopher Columbus reaching Asia • Oct. landed in the Bahamas= San Salvador • Established a Spanish colony= La Navidad • Ppl who were there= Indians • Thought he was in Asia

8. The Explorers • Columbus constructed settlements and introduced encomienda system • forced American Indians to work, without pay • overwork and malnutrition • Lacked resistance to diseases • Indian population= wiped out • Spanish imported African slaves

9. The Explorers • Marked the beginning of Trans-Atlantic conquest and colonization • Lasted centuries

10. Quick Review • What factors pushed Europeans to explore other parts of the world? • How did the European invasion affect the natives of the “New World”? • What did Christopher Columbus’ discovery mark the beginning of?

11. Activity: Reality of Columbus • In groups of 4 you will have 2 different articles. • 2 of you will read 30 Million and Counting • 2 of you will read Examining the Reputation of Christopher Columbus • Once all 4 are done reading the articles explain your articles to the other group members • Answer the questions on the worksheet

12. What the Spanish Found…

13. Empires in Trouble • Spanish appeared on American shores in the early 1500s. At that time civil war weakened both the Aztec and Inca. • In the Aztec Empire, a number of tribes began to rebel against their harsh Aztec rulers. Infuriated, Montezuma sent huge attacks against them.

14. Empires in Trouble • Rebellion was everywhere and the Aztec were forced to fight in many areas at once. Because their armies were spread all over, they lost many battles. • Also, war costs became very high. There were few resources left for making new conquests

15. Empires in Trouble • Higher war costs, less tribute (gold or food or slaves) from new conquests, and a famine( loss of crops) in 1505 caused Montezuma to demand more tribute from his conquered tribes. This demand led to even more resentment and rebellion • The Inca were also facing problems in their empire when Spanish adventurers, led by Francisco Pizarro, arrived in 1532.

16. Empires in Trouble • When the Inca ruler died in 1525, his two sons, fought each other for the throne • The northern half supported Atahualpa and the southern half supported Huascar. • After three years of bloodshed, Atahualpa became the ruler of a greatly weakened empire.

17. Colonies and the Americas

18. Conquest of the Americas • Spanish goal: claim land, gain riches, and spread Catholicism • 1519, Hernan Cortes came to MX and conquered the Aztec Empire • Built Mexico city on the Aztec capital • Aztecs= encomienda system

19. Conquest of the Americas • 1532, Francisco Pizzaro attacked the Inca Empire • Quick, brutal attack • Resisted for years till they fell to the Spanish

20. Why was a Win so Easy? • Spanish weapons were superior

21. Why was a Win so Easy? • Montezuma believed Cortes= god • Walk into the capital • Cortes saw the Aztec culture= evil • Destroyed and replaced Christian faith

22. Why was a Win so Easy? • The 2 groups fought by different rules • Aztec took captives to kill in a ceremony • Spanish fought to kill on the spot

23. Why was a Win so Easy? • Weakened and rebellious state of the 2 empires • Tribes were angry at the Aztec= helped as guides and warriors

24. Why was a Win so Easy? • Disease had a disastrous effect • Smallpox and measles • Spread rapidly

25. Conquest of the Americas • Traveled N • Settlements in AZ, CA, NM, and TX • 1780, largest colonial empire EVER • Settlers divided land in farm communities and ranch estates

26. Conquest of the Americas • Social classes: • peninsulares - whites born in Spain • creoles - whites born in Mexico • mestizos - had both Spanish and Indian parents

27. Conquest of the Americas • Catholic church= central role • Missionaries= common • Convert American Indians • Spanish influence is visible in the SW today • Names, culture, architecture

28. Quick Review • Why did Spanish conquistadors explore the Americas? • How did Spain conqueror the Aztec and Inca Empires? Who is credited w/ conquering them? • What were key characteristics of the Spanish Empire in the Americas?

29. Activity: Categorizing • Create a Categorizing Table • Explorers Destination Result

30. Activity: Short Story • Write a creative short story set in the time period and places covered today. • Make up believable characters and put them into interesting situations that reflect your knowledge of the time period. • MUST GIVE DETAILS • AT least 4 paragraphs

31. Colonies and the Revolution English Colonies

32. Settling Virginia • 1600s, Dutch, French, and English were settling in east N.A. • England • 13 colonies= provided raw materials

33. Settling Virginia • King James I issued the Charter of 1606 • Organize settlements in VA • Chesapeake Bay= Jamestown= barely survived • Violence was common • Tobacco farms and Indians

34. Settling Virginia • 1624= Unprofitable, charter revoked • Royal colony w/ a governor

35. Quick Review • What purpose did colonies serve to their home nation? • Where was the first permanent English settlement in North America? Name?

36. Activity: “Nightmare in Jamestown” • Watch the video • Follow along to answer the questions

37. Colonies and the Revolution New England Colonies

38. Puritan Community