Planning school buildings in a low carbon society

1. International Conference SUSTAINABLE SCHOOL BUILDINGS: FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY Ljubljana, Slovenia, 12October Planning school buildings in a low carbon society Toshiharu IKAGA, PhD Professor, Dept of System Design Engineering, Keio University

2. Promotion of seismic-safety, eco-design and ICT at schools “School New Deal” Seismic-safety ●Promotion of anti-seismic retrofit of school buildings and gymnasiums ●Fulfilling a demand for insufficient space for classrooms of schools for special education need ICT Promotion of learner-friendly lessons utilizing latest ICT such as digital TV, media board, personal computer, etc., with intra-school network Eco-design Extensive promotion of eco-design (energy-saving refurbishment, etc.) including use of natural power sources, such as photovoltaic Total budget: approx. 11 billion dollars Through integrated approach Securing safety of school buildings Strengthening function as a local disaster prevention base Reduction of environmental impact by CO2 reduction Improvement in academic ability and IT practical use capability Drastic improvement of learning environment adequate for “The schools in the 21st century“ Also contribute to job-creation, economic growth, regional vitalization, global competitiveness Practical use as teaching materials for environmental education Increase in efficiency of administration works at school

3. Eco-school programme in Japan Concept ・Facilities・・・environmentally friendly design and construction ・Operations・・・durability and flexibility ・Learning・・・use for environmental learning Pilot Project ・The pilot project is created within a framework of inter-ministerial cooperation. ・Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology（MEXT） ・Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries（MAFF） ・Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry（METI） ・Ministry of the Environment（MOE） ・Since the pilot project began in 1997, 951 eco-schools have been built with financed assistance as of August 2009. (The total number of elementary and lower secondary school:32 thousands)

4. Pilot project types of eco-school Roof PV Panel Recycled Wood used in Louver Roof-Top Gardening Wood use in Interior ＜A case of the overall type＞ ＜Examples of other types＞ Tonami-tobu Primary School (Toyama Prefecture) Natural Symbiosis Recycled Wood used in Deck Turf grounds Solar Thermal Collectors Used for shower Saving Energy High efficient lighting Water-saving toilet Lighting auto switching controls Recycled Material Pavement Double paned window Thermal insulation Energy and CO2 management system High efficient air-conditioning PV and Wind Power Lamp Recycling Water Tank Biotope

5. A recent report on eco-schools Policy and measures for promoting eco-schools by the committee on school building guideline under the MEXT,Mar 2009 To achieve low-carbon society, all school buildings should be designed and constructed for eco-schools. Ⅰ：Promoting to refurbish existing school buildings Ⅱ：Efficient facility management by benchmarking Ⅲ：Energy conservation as well as upgrading school facilities Ⅰ：Using eco-schools for environmental education Ⅱ：Visualization of energy conservation effect Ⅲ：Intensive energy conservation of specific equipments Ⅳ：Installment of renewable energy equipments such as photovoltaic power, etc Basic approach Measures Monitor of energy consumptionin School

6. Promotion of photovoltaic power system at schools 1 CO2 reduction ２ Environmental education Display panels that show generation of electricity ３ Saving energy ４ Disaster preparedness Benefit Central – Government Assistance to local authorities for equipping photovoltaic power system 1１t/year (In case of a 20kw array) Photovoltaic power system and display panels are used as teaching materials. Approx. 10 percent of annual electricity demand of a school is saved. (In case of 20kw array) Photovoltaic array on the rooftop Photovoltaic array installed as a large window Use as backup power at the time of disaster Eco-schools

7. 40% of CO2 are related to buildings in Japan 1300Mt-CO2 in 2005 New construction Residential bldgs3.4% Commercial bldgs 3.2% Operation 13.5% 18.0% Renovation 1.1% 0.9% by T. Ikaga Material Production Design Renovation Demolition Operation Construction

8. Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency CASBEE Quality is based on Eco-Efficiency = Environmental Load have been developed since 2001 by the JSBC (Japan Sustainable Building Consortium) and supported by the Japanese Government (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport).

9. BEE: Built Environment Efficiency Quality Enclosed space by the virtual boundary BEE = Load Site boundary Assessment criterion for achieving higher quality building with lower environmental load BEE

10. Sustainability ranking based on BEE（Q/L） 1.5 BEE=3.0 1.0 100 S Excellent A Very Good B+ Good B- Rather Good C Poor S A B+ B- Q (Quality) BEE=1.2 53 0.5 50 C 44 0 0 50 100 L (Environmental Load)

11. CASBEE-NC Revised Sept. 2007 Outline CASBEE ranking & BEE Chart Rose Chart Life Cycle CO2 Chart Quality Bar chart Load reduction Bar Chart

12. Housing - Scale CASBEE-H (Tool-11) for Home 2006/2007 City - Scale CASBEE-City(Tool-31) for City Assessment 2009 Urban - Scale 31 CASBEE-UD (Tool-21) for Urban Development 2006/2007 CASBEEs were revised for Climate Change in 2007- Building - Scale CASBEE-NC（Tool-1） for New-Construction 2003/2004/2006 /2008 CASBEE-EB（Tool-2） forExisting-Buildings 2004/2006 /2008 CASBEE-RN（Tool-3） forRenovation 2005/2006 /2008 CASBEE-HI（Tool-4） for Heat Island Mitigation 2005/2006

13. Low Carbon Buildings from my design / assessment works Yuzhno Sakhalinsk 45 Vladivostok Sapporo Shenyang 40 Beijing JAXA 2003 P´yongyang Seoul CASBEE LCCO2 -25% 35 Pusan Nagoya Tokyo Osaka Fukuoka Shanghai 30 25 Taipei 120 E 125 130 135 140 145 Yusuhara Town Hall 2006 IGES 2002 AGU 2003 Meiji Univ 1998 CASBEE LCCO2-40% CASBEE LCCO2 -37% CASBEE LCCO2 -23% CASBEE LCCO2-30% JICA 1995 CASBEE CO2-17%

14. 45 Vladivostok Sapporo 40 Shenyang Beijing P´yongyang Seoul 35 Pusan Tokyo Osaka Fukuoka 30 Shanghai 25 Taipei 120 E 125 130 135 140 145 Meiji University Liberty Tower Wind Floor for Hybrid Ventilation Beijing Tokyo City, N35 LCCO2 -37% CASBEE S rank Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Prize, Sustainable Building Award 2001 GFA=59000m2, in 1998

15. Hybrid Ventilation in High Raise Building 119.5m Memorial Hall Graduate School Wind floor 18F Canteen Lecture Rooms Roof Garden Offices Roof Garden Entrance Hall Library Car Parking Rain Water Tank Heat Storage Tank Automatically controlled vetilation openings based on enthalpy, outdoor wind speed, rain, etc.

16. Operation Energy was reduced by 40% Apr. 1999 – Mar. 2000

17. LCCO2 will be reduced by 40%

18. 1999, 2000 Eco-Economic Analysis 234.7 / 20000 Million Yen= + 1.2%

19. 45 Vladivostok Sapporo 40 Shenyang Beijing P´yongyang Seoul 35 Pusan Tokyo Osaka Fukuoka 30 Shanghai 25 Taipei 120 E 125 130 135 140 145 Yusuhara Town Hall CASBEE LCCO2 -40% GFA= 2970m2,Completed in Aug2006 1200kWp(600kWp x 2 ) As a Keio Univ 21 COE Research Project Leader: Prof. S.MURAKAMI, Keio Univ. Architectural Design: Prof. K. KUMA, Keio Univ. Env. & Mec. Design: Prof. T. IKAGA, Keio Univ.

20. Low Carbon Technologies Ice Storage 80kW PV Wooden Structure Sun shade Solar heat Wooden tank CO2 Heat pump water heater Under floor A/C Ground heat BMS Low-E Wooden sash and blind Daylighting

21. 0 500 1000km 50 40 30 20 10N 0 10S 90 E 100 110 120 130 Zero Carbon Renovation: Midori Elementary school Wooden building constructed 77 years ago