Animal Farm by George Orwell

1. Animal Farm by George Orwell

2. Remember: a symbol gives additional meaning to things. Heart = love Brain = intelligence An allegory is a story that has additional meaning throughout the entire plot. Everything actually means more and the reader or the audience must figure it out. Allegory: a symbolic story Animal Farm is an allegory

3. What is the allegory in Animal Farm about?

4. Animal Farm: allegorical farmyard tale satirizing government It’s about the pitfalls of government and mankind

5. Let's look at the government of Russia in 1905. Who are you?

6. If you are the Tsar… • You are the king • You make the rules and laws of the country • You don’t get paid because you don’t have to pay for things • You use money to improve the country and its citizens

7. You live here… If you are the Tsar… Your neighborhood is…

8. If you are Nobility… • Your job is to collect money from the workers • You make a lot of money each month • You give your opinion to help make rules and laws. • You own fancy things

9. This is also your neighborhood… If you are Nobility… You live here…

10. If you are Middle Class.. • You are doctors, lawyers, teachers, nurses, professors, etc. • You have nice homes • Some of you live in the same neighborhood as the nobility • You make decent money

11. You work in the fields If you are the Proletariat… You make $20 a month

12. There is no running water If you are proletariat… Your children work too

13. If you are Proletariat… • There are 16 people to an apartment • 6 people share a room • You are the workers of the country • If it was not for you, no one would eat

14. Tsarism is a Monarchy: government ruled by king or queen and passed down through family. Who does this type of government benefit? Is it fair?

15. The Last Tsar of Russia Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov (Nicholas II)

16. The last Tsar • Life under the Tsar was getting bad • Living and working conditions were growing worse • Something had to change

17. Enter the Communist Party… Poor working conditions and scarce resources were making the Russian people unhappy with the Tsar The communist Bolshevik party began to form in Russia

18. Karl Marx: Father of Communism • Born a Jew in Germany in 1818 • Envisioned a classless society • He argued that the workers should revolt and that property and wealth should be redistributed fairly.

19. Karl Marx • People should contribute what they could and, in return, receive enough to support themselves. • Karl Marx, in 1847, wrote his Communist Manifesto, spelling out the basics of communism

20. Karl Marx hoped for a Utopian society without any inequality • “Utopia” is a term for an ideal society. • In Greek, this word means “no place.” What do YOU think the Greek meaning foreshadows?

21. Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto

22. Marxist Theory • All historical change comes from class struggles. • Communism is the highest and final stage of development. • In societies based on Capitalism…the rulers are the wealthy class (capitalists). The working class provides the labor. Who always profits? The Capitalists! • The ruling class will never give up their power willingly.

23. Marxist Theory 5. The result of this relationship between the different classes = struggle & violence! 6. Capitalists enslave the working class. Marx believes workers should set up a planned community. 7. All industries should be controlled by the state—not individuals. These are the basic ideas of pure Communism

24. Bloody Sunday-1905 • Opposition of the Tsar had vastly grown • Unarmed workers march to the Winter Palace, where the Tsar and his family were living in St. Petersburg, in a peaceful demonstration • They are gunned down by the Tsar’s men • Considered one of the key events that lead to the Russian Revolution

25. The march to revolution… • After Bloody Sunday, Tsar Nicholas forms the Duma….a form of congress • The Duma actually had very little power • Unrest continues to grow • Enter Rasputin…the Evil Monk!

26. Did you say Evil Monk?....Yes I did! • Grigori Rasputin was a Russian Orthodox Christian Monk • Believed he was a faith healer and mystic and gained fame

27. The Tsarina brings Rasputin to the palace • Tsar Nicholas had a son Alexi • Alexi had hemophilia-his blood didn’t clot normally • Tsarina Alexandra Romanov, desperate to help her son, brought Rasputin to the palace • Rasputin heals Alexi during a bleeding episode, gaining the trust of the Tsarina

28. Rasputin gains influence over Royal Family • As Tsar Nicholas was away fighting in WWI, Rasputin became a confidant and advisor of the Tsarina • Rasputin essentially became the ruler of Russia • Russia’s economy worsened • The people began to blame the Tsarina and Rasputin

29. A time to kill… • To save the Tsar’s throne, noblemen loyal to Tsar Nicholas murder Rasputin • It took a few tries… • Poisoned with cyanide—no effect • Shot point blank and got up and ran • Shot 2 more times, clubbed, hands tied and then dropped in frozen river • Cause of death—Drowning!

30. In 1917, the workers did uprise • The Bolshevik party (communists) eventually took power. • The Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin, the same leader of the Bloody Sunday protest. Russia became the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics )

31. You and your family were shot and killed in your basement If you are the Tsar… Sorry!!! • The entire family was told they were going to take a family picture • The girls did not die so they were stabbed • They still did not die so then they were shot in the head

32. Lenin sets up communist government This new government, led by Lenin, owns everything, but provides education, healthcare, food, etc. to the people. Lenin’s reign is most remembered for the Red Terror -executions of anyone who opposed him -concentration camps

33. You had to get a job… If you are Nobility… • You neighborhood has been set on fire • You work 14 hours a day • Your wife had to sell all her jewelry for $2 • You now make $30 a month but you get free healthcare and education

34. You work the same job… If you are Middle Class… You work for the government now. You have the same job but you only work 6 hours a day You now make $30 a month but you get free healthcare and education

35. You have the same job but with some changes… If you are the Proletariat… • You now work only 14 hours a day • You have no choices over rules and laws still but you love your new ruler • You now make $30 a month but you get free healthcare and education

36. Lenin was so loved by the people that he was embalmed and put on display after his death in 1924.

37. In 1924, people could go see him and say goodbye His brain was removed and saved… They can still do that now, too. Yep, he’s still there!

38. The Rise of Stalin: Leon Trotsky-Lenin’s 2nd in command • A leader during the Bolshevik Revolution • 2nd in command during Lenin’s reign • Editor of the Pravda

39. Pravda—remember learning about propaganda?! • Newspaper-name means “Truth” • Government controlled the news

40. Stalin vs. Trotsky • After Lenin’s death, Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky struggled over who should be in power. • Even though it was no longer a Monarchy, Russian citizens still did not get to choose their leader.

41. Young Stalin Trotsky lost. He was exiled to Mexico and eventually assassinated by a Soviet agent. Militant Stalin • Stalin had been a leader in the Bolshevik party under Lenin

42. Is this the Utopia they dreamed of? • Stalin ruled the Soviet Union from 1929 until his death in 1953. • He was responsible for the USSR becoming a major industrial power. • He also killed or imprisoned millions of people in the great “purges.” • Millions of people who were suspected of being a threat to the party were executed or exiled to labor camps called gulags (concentration camps)

43. The End? The Utopian dream was not achieved. Many people were worse off under Soviet rule than they had been under Tsarist rule.

44. The USSR became a communist society where people were all equal but had no choices and made no decisions. The government made all the decisions. Whether you worked 3 hours or worked 12 hours you still made the same amount. You do not choose how much you work. What are the benefits to this type of government? What are the down sides to this government? Is it fair?

45. So let’s look further into communism • What is it really all about?

46. Class, Due to poor grades the last 6-weeks, I have decided to give everyone the same grade for the Animal Farm unit. Everyone will be receiving a C. You will still complete work individually; however, the entire class will receive the same grade. This will prevent anyone from failing as has happened in the past few units. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask or email me. Thank you, Ms. Rathmann

47. 1% of Americans control 40% of the wealth in the country. • How do you feel about this statistic? Do you think it is fair? Unfair? Explain your reasons.

48. SWBAT describe capitalism and communism • SWBAT compare and contrast communism and capitalism • SWBAT evaluate communism and capitalism • Work all the way to reading comprehension questions.