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Energy Storage for Sustainable Systems. R. Hebner and T. Aanstoos Center for Electromechanics The University of Texas at Austin. Storage is Needed to. Buffer temporal variations of loads and sources. Provide a constant, predictable source to the grid.
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Energy Storage for Sustainable Systems R. Hebner and T. Aanstoos Center for Electromechanics The University of Texas at Austin
Storage is Needed to • Buffer temporal variations of loads and sources. • Provide a constant, predictable source to the grid. • Provide flexibility during dynamic market conditions.
Energy Storage Systems • Chemical • Mechanical • Electrical
Current CEM-UT Flywheel Module Design3.6 kW, 3.66 kWHR, 53,000 RPM VG 12048.2.ppt Composite Flywheel Motor Generator Stator Core & Windings Balance Holes Flywheel Housing Damper and Backup Bearing Magnetic Bearing Sensors Radial Magnetic Bearing Caging Mechanism Caging Mechanism Rotor Axial Position Sensor Phase Angle Sensors Magnetic Bearing Sensors Damper & Backup Bearing Assembly Combo Magnetic Bearing Titanium Rotor Shaft Composite banding for Motor/Generator Section End Plate Mount Motor/Generator Rotor Magnets, Back Iron End Plate/Mount
4 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 Flywheel Output Power (W) 1 0 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 Nominal Duty Cycle For Space Station Flywheel Battery VG 12109.ppt 9 7 . 5 5 3 S p e e d 5 1 9 7 . 0 F l y w h e e l E f f i c i e n c y 4 9 E c l i p s e P o w e r Flywheel Effic (%) Speed (kRPM) 9 6 . 5 4 7 4 5 9 6 . 0 R e c h a r g e P o w e r 4 3 9 5 . 5 4 1 0 1 0 T i m e ( m i n ) Turnaround Efficiency=93.7%
Lead-Acid Battery Flywheel Battery SMES Storage mechanism Chemical Mechanical Electrical Life (years in service) 3 – 5 >20 ~20 Technology Proven Promising Promising Number of Manufacturers ~ 700 ~ 5 ~1 Annual Sales ($ in millions) ~ 7000 ~ 2 A few Temperature Range Limited Broader, but still limited Controlled Environmental concerns Disposal issues Small Small Relative size Larger Smallest Smaller Maximum time to hold a charge Years Hours Days Price ($/kW) 50 – 100 300 – 400 >300 Comparison of Lead-Acid Batteries, Flywheel Batteries, and SMES
Research Needs for Flywheel Batteries • Flywheel Materials • Magnetic bearings • Power conditioning