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The Building of European Supremacy

Explore the transformative period of the 2nd Industrial Revolution in Europe, marked by key advancements such as the mass production of steel, development of electricity, automobile accessibility, emergence of the petite bourgeoisie, and urban developments like the Eiffel Tower and suburbs. Discover the challenges faced, from economic difficulties and unemployment to epidemics like cholera, and learn about the crucial advancements in public health through new water and sewer systems. Meet the pioneers like Henry Bessemer, Gottlieb Daimler, and Louis Pasteur who shaped this era.

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The Building of European Supremacy

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  1. The Building of European Supremacy

  2. 2nd Industrial Revolution • Henry Bessemer- discovered a way to produce steel cheaply at large quantities.

  3. The Solway Process • Allowed for the recovery of chemical byproducts. (sulfuric acid, soap) • Plastics and dyes also developed.

  4. Electricity • 1st public power plant in Britain in 1881.

  5. Gottlieb Daimler • Invented the modern internal combustion engine.

  6. Henry Ford • Made the automobile accessible to the masses.

  7. Economic difficulties • Agriculture declined due to bad weather and foreign competition. • Unemployment rose.

  8. Petite Bourgeoisie Emerged • The lower middle class (white collar workers). • Secretaries, clerks, lower-level govt officials.

  9. The New Paris • Eiffel Tower built in 1889. • Streets opened up. • Seine River, no longer an open sewer.

  10. Development of Suburbs • Costs within cities grew exponentially. • European suburbs consisted of apartment buildings or private houses closely packed together.

  11. Cholera • Epidemic in 1830’s-1840’s. • Reason: pollution.

  12. New Water and Sewer Systems • Mortality rates dropped. • Human excrement disposed. • Clean water free from bacteria.

  13. Public Health Informers • Louis Pasteur- France • Robert Koch- Germany • Joseph Lister- Britain

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