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The Scientific Revolution. Ptolemaic System: Almagest – geocentric universe (earth-centered) Copernicus: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres – heliocentric universe (sun centered) This theory was published in 1543
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Ptolemaic System: Almagest – geocentric universe (earth-centered) • Copernicus: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres – heliocentric universe (sun centered) • This theory was published in 1543 • It was charged by Catholic and Protestant alike as illogical, unbiblical, and un-Christian
Galileo Galilei – 1564 – 1642 • First to use the telescope for astronomical observations • 1632 – Published his Dialogue on Two Chief Systems of the World – Galileo, although devout in his religious faith, contended that the Bible was not a reliable authority on scientific matters • Church was prepared to tolerate the heliocentric theory as long as it was only a proposed hypothesis • Galileo was forced to recant, but was believed to have muttered, “And yet it does move.”
Sir Isaac Newton 1642 – 1727 • Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University • Invented differential calculus independently but at the same time as Leibniz • Newton believed, as did other scientists of his day, that the earth was governed by natural laws • Research pointed to the idea of universal gravitation – outlined this theory in his Principia Mathematica
Hobbes vs. Locke – • Hobbes – Leviathon (1651) • Human beings in their natural state are inclined to a “perpetual and restless desire” desire for power • People are self-centered creatures who lack a master • They needed a political contract where every person, for the sake of peace and self-defense, set aside personal rights and freedoms, and the people would be ruled by some system of governance, and this would be absolute
Locke – Second Treatise of Government (1690) • Tabula Rasa – at birth every human’s mind is a blank page, and all knowledge comes from experience • Believed that people had created a government to protect their natural rights to life, liberty, and property • The authority of the government is thus derived from the consent of those governed • When the government fails to protect the people’s natural rights and instead, interferes with them by attempting to rule absolutely, the people have a right to rebel
Homework: • CP – Read pages 382 – 387 in your textbooks • Please do the “Define” exercise on page 387 of your textbook – this should be hand-written and kept in your notebooks – Answer the define the way you would a Do Now • Please watch this video - www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hodYUDDfsY • Then write a one-page summary of what you believe is a consequence of the Scientific Revolution. • Paper should be typed and double-spaced, 12 size font and Times New Roman