New Leadership

1. New Leadership • The Black Muslims • African Americans embrace Islamic faith • Black nationalism • Blacks should separate from whites in society • Advocated self-defense • Ideas were popularized by Malcolm X • 1964 Malcolm X preferred an integrated society and broke away • Still touched youth • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and others turned more radical

2. Black Power • Idea developed by SNC head, Stokely Carmichael • Blacks should take control of all aspects of their lives • Moved away from assimilation • Many returned to African heritage • Created division among civil rights activists • The Black Panthers • Founded in 1966 • Urged African Americans to arm themselves

3. The Battle in the North • King shifted demonstrations to the North • Discontent Leads to Riots • Due to frustrations over urban conditions • Most riots took place outside the South • In areas they were supposed to have equal rights • The Kerner Commission • Looked into the problem of spreading violence • Gave responsibility of riots to white society • Hardened white prejudice • The Death of MLKJ • Violence continued to grow • Murdered in 1968 • Removed last bit of faith in a peaceful solution

4. The Civil Rights Movement After 1698 • Movement’s leaders feared they losing their victories • 1968 Richard Nixon was elected • Wanted to return Congress to Republican • Tried to reverse many actions • Despite Nixon, his Court made some advancements • Affirmed integration by busing