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Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System. Figure 45.1 An anise swallowtail butterfly emerging from its chrysalis. Pathway . Example. Pathway. Example. Example. Pathway. Low blood glucose. Hypothalamic neurohormone released in response to neural and hormonal signals. Stimulus.

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Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

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  1. Chapter 45: Hormones and theEndocrine System

  2. Figure 45.1 An anise swallowtail butterfly emerging from its chrysalis

  3. Pathway Example Pathway Example Example Pathway Low blood glucose Hypothalamic neurohormone released in response to neural and hormonal signals Stimulus Stimulus Suckling Stimulus Receptor protein Sensory neuron Sensory neuron Pancreas secretes glucagon ( ) Hypothalamus/ posterior pituitary Hypothalamus Endocrine cell Neurosecretory cell Blood vessel Neurosecretory cell Hypothalamus secretes prolactin- releasing hormone ( ) Posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin ( ) Blood vessel Blood vessel Target effectors Liver Anterior pituitary secretes prolactin ( ) Smooth muscle in breast Target effectors Glycogenbreakdown,glucose releaseinto blood Response Endocrine cell Blood vessel (a) Simple endocrine pathway Milk release Response (b) Simple neurohormone pathway Target effectors Mammary glands Milk production Response (c) Simple neuroendocrine pathway Figure 45.2 Basic patterns of simple hormonal control pathways

  4. SECRETORY CELL SECRETORY CELL Hormone molecule Hormone molecule VIA BLOOD VIA BLOOD Signal receptor TARGET CELL TARGET CELL Signal transduction pathway Signal receptor OR Cytoplasmic response DNA Signal transduction and response mRNA DNA NUCLEUS Nuclear response Synthesis of specific proteins NUCLEUS (b) Receptor in cell nucleus (a) Receptor in plasma membrane Figure 45.3 Mechanisms of hormonal signaling: a review

  5. Different receptors different cell responses Epinephrine Epinephrine Epinephrine b receptor a receptor b receptor Glycogendeposits Vessel dilates Vessel constricts Glycogen breaks down and glucose is released from cell (a) Intestinal blood vessel Skeletal muscle blood vessel (b) (c) Liver cell Different intracellular proteins different cell responses Figure 45.4 One chemical signal, different effects

  6. Table 45.1 Major Human Endocrine Glands and Some of Their Hormones

  7. Table 45.1

  8. Hypothalamus Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovary (female) Testis (male) Figure 45.6 Human endocrine glands surveyed in this chapter

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