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Plant Form and Function

Plant Form and Function. Plant organs. Plant organs. Root system – roots Shoot system – stem and leaves Vegetative organs – (allow to live and grow): roots, leaves, stem Reproduction: flowers, seeds and fruits. Roots. Underground, usually equal to shoot system in size

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Plant Form and Function

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  1. Plant Form and Function Plant organs

  2. Plant organs • Root system – roots • Shoot system – stem and leaves • Vegetative organs – (allow to live and grow): roots, leaves, stem • Reproduction: flowers, seeds and fruits

  3. Roots • Underground, usually equal to shoot system in size • Anchors and gives support • Absorbs water and minerals • Penetrates soil as it grows • Root hairs increase surface area • Produce hormones

  4. Root organization • Root cap – apical meristem, replaced often • Zones • Cell division – primary meristem, mitosis • Elongation – cells lengthen and specialize • Maturation – root hairs, fully differentiated

  5. Stems • Main axis of plant • Support leaves so that leaves are exposed to as much light as possible • Node – where leaf is attached • Internode – space between nodes • Vascular tissue used in transport • Can store nutrients and water and conduct photosynthesis

  6. Leaves • Photosynthesis • Size, shape and texture vary and is used in identification • Blade – wide portion of leaf • Petiole – stalk, attaches blade to stem • Axillary bud – where branch or flower may originate

  7. Leaf anatomy

  8. Plant tissues • Meristematic tissue = embryonic • Apical meristem – located on tip of stem and roots, primary growth • Lateral meristems – secondary growth • Woody (non herbaceous), non woody (herbaceous – perennial, dies back in winter)

  9. Woody Stems • Primary (length) and secondary (girth of trunks) tissues • Secondary tissues form from lateral meristem: • vascular cambium – produces secondary xylem (wood) • Vascular cambium produces new xylem and phloem each year • cork cambium – produces a tough covering that replaces epidermis early in secondary growth • 3 distinct areas: • Bark – all tissues outside the vascular cambium, living part of tree • Contains phloem, can kill a tree if damaged • Wood – xylem, almost all is dead when it functions • Cork

  10. Secondary growth of trees

  11. Vascular tissue • Xylem – water and minerals, roots to leaves • Phloem – sucrose and organic molecules (hormones) form leaves to roots • Complex tissues – contain 2 or more kinds of cells • Both extend from roots to leaves • Roots- located in vascular cylinder, stem – vascular bundles, leave – leaf veins

  12. Vascular tissue

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