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Circulatory System Functions

Explore the circulatory system's role in respiration, excretion, protection, nutrition, regulation, and more through detailed laboratory techniques. Learn about blood composition, major veins, arteries, and key blood cells like erythrocytes and leukocytes. Discover how neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and thrombocytes contribute to immunity and clotting. Dive into the urinary system's components and the kidney's structure for a comprehensive understanding of these physiological systems.

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Circulatory System Functions

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  1. Circulatory System Functions • Respiratory – O2 and CO2 exchange • Excretory – removes waste from body cells • Protection – clotting, transports white blood cells to infections • Nutrition – carries energy and food throughout the body • Regulatory – helps to maintain pH and temperature • Hormonal – transfers hormones to organs Laboratory Techniques TM

  2. Aorta Heart Circulation Pulmonary Arteries- to lungs Pulmonary Veins Cranial Vena Cava Left Atrium Right Atrium Caudal Vena Cava Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Laboratory Techniques TM

  3. Major Veins Jugular veins Cephalic veins Right axillary vein Right brachial vein Cranial vena cava Caudal vena cava Renal vein Ovarian vein Testicular vein Right external iliac Femoral vein Saphenous vein Caudal vein Laboratory Techniques TM

  4. Major Arteries Facial arteries Common carotid arteries Right axillary Right brachial Brachiocephalic Aorta Pulmonary artery Mesenteric arteries Renal artery Ovarian artery Testicular artery Right external iliac Femoral artery Caudal artery Laboratory Techniques TM

  5. Structure of Blood Blood is composed of : 40% cells and %60 plasma • The cells that in the blood are: • Erythrocytes (red blood cells) • Leukocytes (white blood cells) • Platelets Laboratory Techniques TM

  6. Erythrocyte (red blood cell) • The most abundant blood cell • Function – transport O2 throughout the body Mammals – no cell nucleus Birds & Reptiles –cell nucleus Laboratory Techniques TM

  7. Neutrophil • Function- to stop or slow down foreign organisms • They work by: • Phagocytosis – to eat bacteria and dead cells • Bacteriocidal – to kill bacteria Laboratory Techniques TM

  8. Basophil • Functions – • Phagocytosis • Mediate allergic reactions • Produce heparin and histamine Laboratory Techniques TM

  9. Eosinophil • Functions – • Moderate the inflammatory response • phagocytosis Laboratory Techniques TM

  10. Lymphocyte – plays a vital role in immunity T-cells (memory cells) – cells are sensitized to an antigen, remember that antigen and fight it off next time B-cells– divide to form many cells to fight an antigen Monocyte – largest blood cell Function is phagocytosis Lymphocyte & Monocyte Laboratory Techniques TM

  11. Thrombocyte • Function – • Hemostasis (clotting) – stop bleeding by adhering to damaged vessels and clumping together, release proteins that help form a clot Laboratory Techniques TM

  12. Urinary System Urethra Ureter Urethra Ureter Kidney Kidney Bladder Bladder Laboratory Techniques TM

  13. The Kidney Cortex Medulla Renal artery Renal pelvis Ureter Renal capsule Laboratory Techniques TM

  14. Bowman’s capsule Glomerulus The Nephron Proximal convoluted tubule Arterioles Distal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Collecting duct Laboratory Techniques TM

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