Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS July 22, 2012

1. “I didn’t know there were that many streets…”Global Positioning Systems and the Traveler with a Visual Impairment Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed.COMS July 22, 2012

2. Kansas Factoids • World’s Best Ice Cream • Dwight David Eisenhower • Brown v. Board of Education • Cawker City Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

3. Berthold Lowenfeld Blindness imposes the following limitations: • In the range and variety of experiences • In the ability to get about • In the control of the environment and the self in relation to it. (1948) Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

4. Why GPS???? “I feel like I'm "cheating" somehow, when I don't have to keep track of what street is what, where it's located, what direction I'm heading, etc... it frees my mind up to concentrate on other aspects of orientation...and then, listening to the GPS as I'm riding in a car, realizing the breadth of this world that is outside my car window I have heretofore never gotten to interact with…amazing, simply amazing.” KM age 39 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

5. The Law Educating Blind and Visually Impaired Students Federal Register: June 8, 2000. Assistance to States for the Education of Children With Disabilities and Preschool Grants for Children With Disabilities Federal Register: August 14, 2006. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

6. Preparation for GPS • Positional concepts • Compass orientation • Landmarks • Visual Maps • Tactile maps • Wheatley • Tactile Town • Swell paper • Collage/Braillon Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

7. Student Considerations • Interest • Perceived utility • Maturity > Age • Cognitive ability • Dexterity • Route concept • Stamina • Techiness is useful, but not essential. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

8. Data > Opinion Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

9. Device Considerations The difficulty or simplicity of learning how to use a system must work for the student first and the teacher second. Mike May It’s not about you… It’s not about you… It’s not about you… Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

10. Four Stages of Learning • Unconsciously Incompetent • Consciously Incompetent • Consciously Competent • Unconsciously Competent Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

11. Devices • SenderoApex/BrailleNote • Trekker Maestro and Trekker • Trekker Breeze • Garmin Oregon 450 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

12. Begin at the Beginning… • Start with the component parts • Assemble/Disassemble • Orient to the device • Follow with the key describer mode • GPS limits/parameters • Movement versus static position Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

13. Begin at the Beginning… • Start with the familiar • Then walk, listen, and reference • Learn the language • Repeat the message • What is the information… • Where is it provided… Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

14. I Say Tomato… What it is… What it sounds like… Minneysotaa Ahlith Leneexaah Believeyou Pannerra Chipitil Rossahill Beelinedeer P F L U M M • Minnesota • Olathe • Lenexa • Belleview • Panera • Chipotle • Rosehill • Belinder • Pflumm Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

15. Mapping Street Open Area Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

16. Landmarks/Waypoints • Street and Open Area Mapping • Know where you are • Multiple landmarks can be set at the same time/same spot. • Always set a landmark at the beginning of a route. Always set a landmark at the beginning of a route. Always… Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

17. Landmarks/Waypoints • Pair with physical reference points • Label noun first, then adjective • “Smith High School, East Door…” • Address entry results Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

18. Landmarks/Waypoints • Nurture environmental literacy. • Fill in the gaps to develop the gestalt of the area. • Set before and after hazards, headaches, and irritations. • Practice renaming, deleting, and unsetting as a destination. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

19. Point of Interest = POI • Point of Interest • Preset on Maps • TeleAtlas • NAVTEQ • Use POI rich environments to begin instruction Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

20. Point of Interest = POI • Where is the “spot?” Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

21. Routing Modes • Pedestrian • Distance parameters • Motorized • Time parameters Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

22. Routing Reliability • Self-created routes • Landmarks and Waypoints • POIs • Address Entry Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

23. Sources of GPS Error • Signal slows as it passes through the atmosphere • Signal multipath occurs when the GPS signal is reflected off objects such as tall buildings or large rock surfaces before it reaches the receiver. • Number of satellites visible-buildings, terrain, electronic interference, or sometimes even dense foliage can block signal reception • Receiver clock errors- receiver's built-in clock is not as accurate as the atomic clocks on board the GPS satellites. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

24. Problem Solving • Always warm up the device. • Reset… • Routing Hiccups • No GPS coverage • Turn back • Off route • Silence Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

25. Teaching Considerations • GPS usage demands solid fundamental O & M skills for the final +/- 50 feet. • Everything is relative. • Context clues/concepts must be practiced. • Organizational parameters • Time and distance • Solicitation of aid • Don’t tell…question. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

26. Teaching Considerations A GPS device is a where and when tool... Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

27. Teaching Considerations Much better… Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

28. Teaching Considerations • Preview routes for “blackholes.” • Take a cheat sheet on lessons and use it. • Use multiple SD cards. • Settings menu • Earplugs and headphones are not recommended when traveling. • Assume nothing and be open to learning. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

29. Teaching Considerations Showing is better than telling… Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

30. Teaching Considerations • Let your student show you and others. • Inservice classmates, teachers, and parents. • Encourage borrowing. • Get lost on lessons. • Motorized guidance Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

31. Teaching Considerations Monitor glare interference Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

32. Teaching Considerations Dual lesson with Trekker Breeze and Garmin Oregon 450 Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

33. Curricular Integration • Conceptual Development • Literacy • Physical Education • Geography • Mathematics • Social Competency Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

34. The Continuum • “Outer space.” • “Mommy, we need to turn here” • “Directing a cab driver to my destination gave me control.” Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

35. Cooperative Learning Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

36. Audrey My weekly lunch, community awareness, social interaction, environmental access, GPS lesson… Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

37. Josh’s Excellent Adventure Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

38. Josh’s Excellent Adventure Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

39. Josh’s Excellent Adventure The carrot… Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

40. Josh’s Excellent Adventure Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

41. Josh’s Excellent Adventure Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

42. Josh’s Excellent Adventure Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

43. Matt’s Pre-trip Errand Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

44. Matt’s Pre-trip Errand Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

45. Matt’s Pre-trip Errand Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

46. Matt’s Pre-trip Errand Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

47. Theory of Relativity “You are only as independent as your relatives Allow you to be.” Paul Ehresman Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

48. Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS • Kansas State School for the Blind • 1100 State Avenue • Kansas City, KS 66102 • Office: 913.281.3308 X335 • Cell: 913.645.8262 • cphillips@kssdb.org • cleep1700@att.net Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS

49. Sources • Phillips, C. L. (2011). Getting From Here to There and Knowing Where: Teaching GPS to Children who are Visually Impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 105, 675-680. • www.garmin.com • www.humanware.com • www.sendero.com • Leader Dogs for the Blind Trekker GPS Training Craig L. Phillips, MS Ed. COMS