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Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

34. Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim. Rebirth and Revolution in East Asia and the Pacific Rim. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements The Pacific Rim: More Japans? Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution? Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam.

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Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

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  1. 34 Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

  2. Rebirth and Revolution in East Asia and the Pacific Rim • East Asia in the Postwar Settlements • The Pacific Rim: More Japans? • Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution? • Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

  3. Rebirth and Revolution in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

  4. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements • Japanese Recovery • Japan occupied by United States • Korea divided • Russian, American zone • Emerging Stability in Taiwan,Hong Kong, and Singapore • Chinese occupation • Chiang Kai-shek • Reoccupation of some areas

  5. New Divisions and the End of Empires • Postwar decolonization • U.S. loses Philippines • Dutch: Indonesia • British: Malaya • Chiang, Guomintang • driven to Taiwan

  6. The Pacific Rim Area by 1960

  7. Japanese Recovery • American occupation • ends, 1952 • Democratization • women get the vote • unions encouraged • Shintoism disestablished • land redistribution • new constitution • modified, 1963

  8. Japanese Recovery • Liberal Democratic Party, 1955

  9. Korea: Intervention and War • North • communist • Kim Il-Sung, to 1994 • South • Syngman Rhee • parliamentary government

  10. Korea: Intervention and War • North invades South, 1950 • U.S. leads UN effort • China supports North • 1953, armistice

  11. Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore • Taiwan • Guomindang retreats to Taiwan • U.S. Support • Hong Kong • British colony • Chinese control, 1997 • Singapore • independence, 1965

  12. Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style • Liberal Democrat Party, 1955-1993 • corruption raises questions • Cultural continuity • Hiraoka Kimitoke • nationalist

  13. The Economic Surge • Company unions • cooperation between management, labor • Women • traditional attitudes • Popular culture • Western influence • Political change

  14. The Pacific Rim: More Japans? • The Korean Miracle • South Korea • Chung-hee, 1961-1979 • military loses power • more open press, political action • new companies • Hyundai

  15. Advances in Taiwan and the City-States • Taiwan • rapid economic growth • more contact with China, other neighbors • Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978 • gap narrows between China and Taiwan

  16. Advances in Taiwan and the City-States • Singapore • similar to Taiwan • Lee Kuan Yew • authoritarian rule • returned to China, 1997

  17. Common Themes and New Problems • Common culture • group loyalty stronger than individualism • Confucianism important in economic development • benefit from Japanese influence • Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow

  18. Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution • Chiang Kai-shek • Japanese invasion • allies with Communists • Guomindang's position lessened • partly due to military defeat • Communism popular • Mao gaining power by 1945 • Defeat of Japan, 1949 • Communists ascendant

  19. Indices of Growth and Change in the Pacific Rim: Per Capita GNP, 1965-1996

  20. Indices of Growth and Change in the Pacific Rim: Social and Economic Data, 1965-1996

  21. China in the Years of Japanese Occupation and Civil War, 1931-1949

  22. Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution • The Communists Come to Power • Secession movements • Inner Mongolia, Tibet • Korean War • China supports division • Vietnam • support liberation

  23. Alliance with Soviet Union • Collapses by late 1950s • border disputes • post-Stalin changes • War with India

  24. Planning for Economic Growth and Social Justice • Land reform • First five-year plan, 1953 • Mass Line approach, 1955 • agricultural cooperatives • farming through collectives from 1956 • Purge of intellectuals, 1957

  25. The Great Leap Backward • The Great Leap Forward, 1958 • based on peasant communes • peasants un-cooperative • famine • ended by 1960 • Mao no longer state chairman • still head of Central Committee • replaced by pragmatists • Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping

  26. "Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens” • Mao and Jiang Qing • Guomindang • not supportive of women's rights • Communist promising • legal equalilty • work outside the home • opportunities increase

  27. Mao's Last Campaign andthe Fall of the Gang of Four • Cultural Revolution, 1965 • Zhou Enlai • into seclusion • Liu Shaoqui • killed • Deng Xiaoping • Emprisoned • ended, 1968

  28. Gang of Four • Jiang Qing • opposed by Deng • defeated by pragmatists • imprisoned • Pragmatists • more open to West, capitalism

  29. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam • French • interest since 1600s • hope to convert to Catholicism • Tayson peasant rebellion, 1770s • Nguyen, Trinh dynasties out • French back Nguyen Anh (Gia Long) • unification by 1802 • new capital at Hue

  30. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam • Minh Mang • persecution of Vietnamese Catholics • French intervene, 1840s • Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos taken over by 1890s • Nguyen as puppets • French takeover • discredits emperor, bureaucracy, Confucianism

  31. Vietnam: Divisions in the Nguyen and French Periods

  32. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam • Vietnamese Nationalism: Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival • French influence • Western-educated middle class • Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD) • from 1920s • repressed, 1929

  33. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam • Vietnamese Nationalism: Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival • Communist the focus of resistance • crushed by French • aided by Comintern • Japan occupies Vietnam, 1941

  34. The War of Liberation against the French • Viet Minh • communist-dominated resistance • Vo Nguyen Giap • proclaims independence, 1945 • only in North • War • French defeated at Dien Bien Phu, 1954 • Geneva conference promises elections

  35. The War of Liberation Against the United States • Communists v. United States • South • Ngo Dinh Diem, president • fights communists (Viet Cong) • North • supports Viet Cong

  36. The War of Liberation Against the United States • Communists v. United States • United States • supports military overthrow of Diem • withdraws, 1970s • Communists • take South Vietnam

  37. North and South Vietnam

  38. After Victory: The Struggle to Rebuild Vietnam • Difficulties • U.S. blocks international aid • reprisals • Economy more open in 1980s • better relations with U.S.

  39. Global Connections: East Asia and the Pacific Rim in the Contemporary World • Patterns of development differ from most other Asian and African nations • Ethnic homogeneity • Cultures and societies less impacted by colonization • Few benefits from European domination • Growing power of east Asia

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